2016年12月英語四級閱讀真題及答案「卷一」
做真題是我們熟悉考試題型最好的方法。爲了幫助大家熟悉英語四級考試題型,小編特意整理了2016年英語四級閱讀真題,希望能幫到大家!
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study 26 that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.
In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers 27 for sex differences the entire human brain.
And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for 28 brains as “male” or “female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.
Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based 29 , many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.
While the “average” male and “average” female brains were 30 different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small 31 of people had “all-male” or “all-female” characteristics.
Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神經科學家),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning 32 beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, 33 of gender.
“There’s a mountain of evidence 34 the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle Times.
If anything, he said, the study 35 that gender plays a very important role in the brain “even when we are not clear exactly how.”
A) abnormal I) regardless
B) applied J) searched
C) briefly K) similarities
D) categorizing L) slightly
E) challenges M) suggests
F) figure N) tastes
G) percentage O) traditional
H) proving
Section B
Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?
[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.
[B]The most likely type of burglary (入室盜竊) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.
[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盜賊) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?
[D]Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.
[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, though at that point, we’re talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.
[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editor’s Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert(推送警報) there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.
[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.
[H]We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.
[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?
[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.
[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.
36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.
37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.
38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.
39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.
40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.
41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.
42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.
43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.
44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.
45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D) should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.
I hate tipping.
I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.
Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.
One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.
So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.
46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?
A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.
B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.
C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.
D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.
47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?
A) It sets a bad example for other industries.
B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.
C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.
D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.
48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?
A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.
B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.
C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.
D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.
相關文章
-
2016年6月英語四級閱讀理解真題及答案「卷三」
英語四級閱讀理解分爲詞彙理解、長篇閱讀、仔細閱讀三種題型。下面是小編整理的2016年6月英語四級閱讀理解真題,歡迎閱讀! Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, -
2017年6月大學英語四級閱讀真題答案公佈「卷一」
國中學生2022最新入團申請書 篇1尊敬的團支部:今天我寫下這份入團申請書,志願加入中國共青團,希望爲團的發展做出我自己的貢獻。在國中的學習生活當中,我能夠掌握基本的中學知識,在學習上對疑點和難點進行查找和解決,爭取做 -
2016年6月大學英語六級閱讀真題及答案解析「卷一」
誠實守信1誠信,是中華民族的傳統美德,沒有誠信的人是難以讓人接受的,誠信就如同一盞生活中的明燈指引我們前行的路,誠實守信_關於誠信的話題作文。我國古代的教育家,思想家孔子曾經說過:“人而無信,不知其可也。”說的就是做 -
2016年6月英語六級閱讀理解真題及答案「卷三」
大學英語六級考試是一項大規模標準化考試,這種考試屬於尺度相關常模參照性考試,即以教學大綱爲考試的依據,但同時又反映考生總體的正態分佈情況。爲了幫助大家備考英語六級考試,小編分享了2016年6月大學英語六級考試閱讀 -
2016年6月大學英語四級第一套真題及答案「閱讀部分」
閱讀理解是英語四級考試中的.一大項。下面是小編整理的2016年6月的英語四級閱讀理解真題及答案,歡迎閱讀! Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passa -
2016年6月英語四級聽力真題及答案「卷一」
2016年,陪伴大家多年的短對話聽力退出了英語四級考試,新增了短篇新聞。下面是小編整理的2016年英語四級聽力真題,歡迎閱讀! Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, y -
2016年6月英語六級閱讀理解真題及答案解析「卷二」
英語六級閱讀包括一篇選詞填空、一篇段落匹配題、兩篇仔細閱讀.下面是小編整理的2016年英語六級閱讀理解真題及答案解析,歡迎閱讀! 選詞填空 Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten b -
2016年6月英語四級真題及答案「卷一翻譯和寫作」
寫作和翻譯都是很考驗考生的文字功底的題型,下面是2016年大學英語四級寫作和翻譯的真題及答案,歡迎閱讀! 四級翻譯Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to transl -
2016年12月英語六級翻譯真題及答案「卷2」
2016年英語六級翻譯真題是關於學習漢語的。下面是小編整理的2016年英語六級翻譯真題及答案,歡迎閱讀! 2016年12月英語六級翻譯真題隨着中國經濟的蓬勃發展,學漢語的'人數迅速增加,使漢語成了世界上人們最愛學的語言 -
2016年6月第二套英語四級閱讀理解真題「附答案」
在日常的學習、工作、生活中,大家都經常看到作文的身影吧,作文可分爲國小作文、中學作文、大學作文(論文)。你寫作文時總是無從下筆?以下是小編整理的戰爭的作文10篇,歡迎大家分享。戰爭的作文 篇1戰爭是令人憎恨,是令人悲痛