2018年英語專八考試閱讀基礎訓練題
"From the other, the memories come across, several times Hunmeng and king of the same."以下是小編爲大家搜索整理的2018年英語專八考試閱讀基礎訓練題,希望能給大家帶來幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!
The Affect of Electricity on Cancer
Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs onelectric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for morethan a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists haspointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagneticfields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. Theimplications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyonecomes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power linesand antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject isinconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the healtheffects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.
Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week,the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. Theagency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremelylow-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia,lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probablecarcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven,cause of cancer in humans.”
The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the BushAdministration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the WhitHouse. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much moreresearch is needed.
At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electriccurrent passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic field that exerts forces onsurrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces mightbe harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generatedby a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of theearth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovoltsper meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt permeter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.
How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they couldnot, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, thatpack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there areregulations to control emissions.
But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not provecause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fieldscan have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead tocancerous growths has never been found.
The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Forcescientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Ourreviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in theenvironment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPAwould lend its imprimatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There ishardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind ofelectronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built intoevery warship and plane.
1. The main idea of this passage is
[A] studies on the cause of cancer
[B] controversial view-points in the cause of cancer
[C] the relationship between electricity and cancer.
[D] different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.
2. The view-point of the EPA is
[A] there is casual link between electricity and cancer.
[B] electricity really affects cancer.
[C] controversial.
[D] low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer
3. Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? Because
[A] it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.
[B] every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronicequipment.
[C] the Pentagon’s concern was understandable.
[D] they had different arguments.
4. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon
[A] the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.
[B] the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.
[C] electromagnetic field may affect health.
[D] only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.
5. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?
[A] They are indifferent. [B] They are worried very much.
[C] The may exercise prudent avoidance. [D] They are shocked.
答案詳解:1. D 電力對癌症影響的不同觀點。文章一開始就提出了“電會致癌嗎?”這個問題。十多年來,一大批科學家和新聞界人士都指出:研究結果似乎表示:接觸電磁場可能會增加患白血病和其他惡性腫瘤的危險性。所以說到目前爲止還難以確定電力對健康的影響究竟是理性的,還是杞人憂天。見難句註釋1。第二段公佈了環保署的報告,見難句註釋3。第三段說明:即使有致癌危險也是極微的。但應予以認真對待,進行更多的研究。而第七段中空軍方面的科學家還沒有被說服(見難句註釋9),明確提出,我們的評論員認爲沒有跡象說明環境中存在的電力會誘發或促發癌症。
A. 對致癌因素的研究。 B. 致癌原因方面有爭議的觀點,這兩項根本部隊,和文內電力毫無關係。 C. 電力和癌症的關係,文中涉及的是電力究竟會不會致癌的.兩種觀點,而不是兩者之關係。
2. A. 電和致癌有一定難以確定的關係。答案在第二段第三句,環保署目前的結論是據科學證據指出極低頻電磁場——具有長波的電磁場——和白血病,淋巴瘤及腦癌之間有着難以確定的聯繫,見難句註釋3。
A. 電確實致癌,不對。C. 有爭議的。說的不夠清楚,爭議什麼。D. 低頻磁場是一個可能致癌因素。這只是論點的一面。
3. B. 現代軍事的任何部門都一直依賴於應用大量應用電子設備。五角大樓和白宮所以反對環保署公佈報告之理由就在此。空軍方面的專家所以說環保署方面的報告“歪曲了整個文件以證明兩者之間的關係”也在此。見難句註釋4。所以文內說“角大樓的關注是可以理解的。”
A. 報告會在布什政府內引起大規模的辯論,這是結果。C. 五角大樓的關注是可以理解的,這不是原因。 D. 他們有不同的觀點。
4. 磁場力太弱不會產生有害作用。答案在第四段第二,三句,當電流通過電纜,產生磁場,對周圍物體產生(影響)力。許多年來,科學家把任何有關“這些力可能有害的想法”置於一邊(不予考慮),主要是因爲它們(所產生的力)非常弱。
B. 磁場力比細胞產生的電磁場弱。只是明確指出的事實。C. 磁場力對人的健康有害。不對。D. 只有更強的輻射才能把人體中的電子擊出來。不對。
5. C. 他們會採取謹慎小心避開電器的途徑。因爲他們不可能象A項那樣漠不關心。這種問題直接影響人的生命。
B. 他們非常擔憂。D. 他們感到震驚,這兩項都不可能,因爲還在爭議中,唯一的途徑是儘量避開和電器接觸。
相關文章
-
2018年英語專八閱讀考試訓練題
"Parents like little princess pet you twenty years, in order to let you compromise on quality in any man before."以下是小編爲大家搜索整理的2018年英語專八閱讀考試訓練題,希望能給大家帶來幫助!更多精彩內容 -
全國英語專八考試閱讀題型基礎訓練
進入夏季以後,天氣是一天比一天熱,理論上天氣熱(水溫高)魚的活性會變強、吃得也多,所以會很好釣,但從實際釣況來看往往是達不到預期的,甚至不如冬季、春季上魚多。白天太熱、又釣不到“正經魚”,於是很多人便選擇夜間出行,哪怕 -
2018年英語專四考試閱讀基礎練習題及答案
"People are often in an instant miracle, but a miracle no one is relying on instant - success lies in the accumulation of weekdays."以下是小編爲大家搜索整理的2018年英語專四考試閱讀基礎練習題及答案,希望 -
2018年專業英語八級考試閱讀理解訓練題
Say well is good, but do well is better.以下是小編爲大家搜索整理的2018年專業英語八級考試閱讀理解訓練題,希望能給大家帶來幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網! Federal Govement's HelpFed -
2017年專四英語閱讀基礎訓練題
總覺得橡皮章子不夠有質感,看了印度的木章自己也想刻一個試試。木頭章不好上印,用來收藏觀賞還是不錯的。我的微信278599586,微博@恩Nasin主要材料:木頭 一塊所需工具:刻刀 兩三把鉛筆 一隻製作步驟:第1步:完成圖第2步 -
2017年專八英語考試閱讀題訓練
光陰似箭,日月如梭。轉眼間,一個季度的時間又飛逝而過。回首**年首個工作階段,是在忙碌的工作和繁重的壓力下一路走來的。最明顯的感覺就是在公司渡過了許多加班的夜晚,當收拾一天的工作,看着窗外風光帶中美麗的燈火如珠串 -
2017年專八英語閱讀考試訓練題
用寶珠打扮自己,不如用知識充實自己。以下是小編爲大家搜索整理的2017年專八英語閱讀考試訓練題,希望能給大家帶來幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網! Cryptic ColoringCryptic coloring is by far t -
2018年專業八級英語考試閱讀重點訓練
如果我們把整個人生比作是一本書,那麼軍訓就是這本書中最精彩的一頁。如果說人生是花園,那麼軍訓就是其中最美的一朵花。 -
2018年英語專業八級考試閱讀指導訓練
晚春的風颳得比較猶豫,東抓一把,西摸一下好像在留戀着什麼似的。空氣稠稠的,混合着各種各樣的味道。站在高崗處,極目四望,樹的葉子已經完全伸展開來,顏色墨綠,變得深沉多了。地裏有耕種的農人,在農具的起落中,塵土飛揚。今 -
2017年專八英語考試閱讀試題提分訓練
在爲事業奮鬥的征途上,拄着雙柺的人雖然步履艱難,但只要有一顆奮發不息的心則可以登上成功的峯巔的。以下是小編爲大家搜索整理2017年專八英語考試閱讀試題提分訓練,希望對正在關注的您有所幫助!更多精彩內容請及時關注