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Feminism
The statistics I’ve cited and the living examples are all too familiarto you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasingnumber of women who are looking actively for advancement offor a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped withprofessional skills and perhaps valuable experience, She will notbe content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of theAssistant Vice President’s Girl Friday, who is the only one whocomes in on Saturday.
She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who isdetermined to be.
Her forerunner was the radical feminist who interpreted her trapped position as a female asoppression by the master class of men. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role forwomen in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making thegreat decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had beenoppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of hischildren. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of neverlooking beneath the pretensions of life.
The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for thefirst time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and hissystem as the common enemy. The first phases of feminism in the last five years often took on thismilitant, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many othershammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightestand most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to exploreboth their identities and their dreams—and the two were often found in direct conflict.
What is the stereotyped role of American women? Marriage. A son. Two daughters. ing. Lunch. Bowling, maybe a garden club of for the very daring, non-credit courses inceramics. Perhaps an occasional cocktail party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day thesame. Never any growth in expectations—unless it is growth because the husband has inevitable question: “Is that all there is to life?”
The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests to the fact that these radical feminists hadtouched some vital nerves. The magazine “Ms.” was born in the year of the death of the magazine“Life.” But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too oftensexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist.
It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising increasinglyis regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment ine independence can be realized through competence, through finding a career, through theuse of education. Remember that for many decades the education of women was not supposedto be useful.
1. What was the main idea of this passage?
[A] The Second Wave of Feminist. [B] Women’s Independent Spirits.
[C] The Unity of Women. [D] The Action of Union.
2. What was the author’s attitude toward the radical?
[A] He supported it wholeheartedly. [B] He opposed it strongly.
[C] He disapproved to some extent. [D] He ignored it completely.
3. What does the word “militant” mean?
[A] Aggressive. [B] Ambitions. [C] Progressive. [D] Independent.
4. What was the radical feminist’s view point about the male?
[A] Women were exploited by the male.
[B] Women were independent of the male.
[C] Women’s lives were deprived by the male.
[D] The male were their common enemy.
答案詳解：
1. A. 第二次女權運動的浪潮。在第一段，一般性描述之後(見難句譯註1)，作者畫龍點睛的指明“她就是我所指的第二次女權運動浪潮的象徵。她是決心要成爲的現代婦女的代表。”以後的文章就是圍繞女權運動而寫的。見文章大意。
B. 婦女的獨立精神。這只是女權運動中部分內容。 C. 婦女團結。第三段一開始就提到“激進女權主義者發現了緊密團結在一起的力量。”也是女權運動的部分內容。D. 團結運動。
2. C. 有點不贊成。這在最後兩段表現的最爲明顯：“許多女權運動組織迅速發展證明這些激進爭取女權的人觸到了某些活躍的神經。(非常活躍)。 Ms 雜誌就在《生活》停刊那年誕生。可是喚起覺醒的會議常常成爲這些活動的目的。性別歧視(歧視婦女)也常常顛倒過來並且提倡憎恨男人。許多人曾是男權至上主義者。”“因此，察覺向平和中的趨向發展並不難。提高覺悟的做法越來越被認爲是獨立與成就的方式，而不是慶賀成就本身的儀式。真正的`獨立是能夠通過能力，通過尋找一份事業，通過應用教育加以實現。要記住，幾十年來，婦女教育被認爲是無用的。”如果是倒數第二段是作者對激進分子有點批評，不滿的態度的表現，那麼最後一段就是作者的觀點：獨立是靠塌實工作，提高婦女自身的能力來實現的。
A. 他全心全意的擁護。 B. 他強烈反對。不完全如此。 D. 他完全忽視不顧。
3. A. 好鬥的。(鬥爭性強的)。第三段第三句：“在最近5年中女權運動首要方面常常具有這種好鬥的階級鬥爭調子。”
B. 野心的。 C. 進步的。 D. 獨立的。
4. D. 男人是她們共同的敵人。第三段：“激進女權運動分子在緊密團結中找到了力量。第一次她們認識了自己，她們可以探索自我，意識到她們的力量，把男人及其制度視爲她們共同的敵人。”
A. 婦女爲男人們所剝削。這在第三段中講到，見難句譯註3。這是婦女觀點中具體內容之一。也是爲什麼說男人及制度是她們共同敵人的原因之一。 B. 婦女不受男人支配。 C. 男人剝奪了女人生活。
詞彙：
1. trapped 被誘入圈套的，陷阱
2. servile 屈從的，奴隸的，奴性的
3. dehumanized 使失去人/個性的
4. pretension 要求，權利，藉口
5. look beneath 看到下面
6. band together 緊密團結在一起
7. explore 探索，考察
8. phase 階段，方面，形式
9. class-warfare 階級鬥爭
10. hammer home 硬性灌輸
hammer home an idea into sb. 硬向某人灌輸某種觀念
11. intrigue 使着迷，密謀，用詭計取得
12. stereotype 固定不變的，陳規舊習的
13. attest 證明，證實，表明
14. chauvinist 沙文主義者，男子至上主義這
15. moderation (政治，宗教上)穩健中庸，緩和
16. fulfillment 臻於完善，發揮潛在能力
17. sexism 性別歧視(常指其實婦女)
18. be independent of 獨立於……之外，不受……控制/支配
難句譯註：
1. She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of the Assistant VicePresident’s Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday.
這是作者杜撰的名字，含有諷刺內涵。Mr. Seldom Seen 很少見到的先生。說明公司很難見到他。那麼做他的助手就是她替他幹一切活。星期五姑娘。星期五是《魯濱遜漂流記》中的一個人物，是魯濱遜的僕人。這位星期六休假日來上班的姑娘，當然得幹主人的一切活。
[參考譯文] 她不會滿意做“很少見”先生的助手，也不願做助理副主席的星期五姑娘，那位姑娘是唯一的一個星期六來上班的人。
2. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could havethe career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society.
[結構簡析] she believed 形式上插入語，實際 Men 句是它的賓語從句。In order that 義：爲的是。目的狀語。
[參考譯文] 她認爲男人爲婦女創制了一個持家操勞的奴隸角色，爲的是男人可以獲得事業和機遇參與決定重大的社會抉擇。
3. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed anddehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his times it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never lookingbeneath the pretensions of life.
[結構簡析] 兩句句子。前一句的賓語爲主從句，後爲並列句。
[參考譯文] 於是，激進女權主義者認爲綜觀歷史，婦女一直是被壓迫被奴役，被非人化，主要原因就是因爲男人就是想剝削他的妻子，孩子們的母親。有時是有意的剝削;有時是由於沒有透過生活的假象看到問題的實質，是無知所致。
4. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideaswith a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in thecountry.
[參考譯文] Betty Friedan， Gloria Steinem，Germaine Greer，以及其他許多激進女權主義者堅持不懈的強行灌輸(推行)他們的思想，幻想並吸引了國內無數最聰容，最能幹的婦女。
寫作方法與文章大意：
文章論述“爭取女權運動的婦女”，也可以說是女權運動的第二次浪潮。作者從歷史上的女權運動激進分子觀點談起：婦女爲男人所奴役，剝削。因爲男的想獨攬決策社會的大權，到女子覺醒，認識自己和自己的力量，把男人視作她們共同的敵人。最後是目前向緩衝發展的趨勢，也是作者觀點。
