2015年gmat考試模擬測試題帶答案
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.
Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.
A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up (team up: v.(使)結成一隊, 合作, 協作) to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minorities being set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing used to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.
Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming—and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies
(B) describe a situation and its potential drawbacks
(C) propose a temporary solution to a problem
(D) analyze a frequent source of disagreement
(E) explore the implications of a finding
2. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions?
(A) What federal agencies have set percentage goals for the use of minority-owned businesses in public works contracts?
(B) To which government agencies must businesses awarded federal contracts report their efforts to find minority subcontractors?
(C) How widespread is the use of minority-owned concerns as “fronts” by White backers seeking to obtain subcontracts?
(D) How many more minority-owned businesses were there in 1977 than in 1972?
(E) What is one set of conditions under which a small business might find itself financially overextended?
3. According to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionally had to labor (to suffer from some disadvantage or distress “labor under a delusion”) is that they have
(A) been especially vulnerable to governmental mismanagement of the economy
(B) been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors
(C) not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations
(D) not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers
(E) not had adequate representation in the centers of government power
相關文章
-
2015年GMAT邏輯推理模擬測試題及答案
從幼兒園到現在,教過我的老師有很多:男的、女的、老的、少的、胖的、瘦的……其中,給我印象最為深刻的,是一位男的、年輕的,代課的老師。 記得那是我上三年級時,我們班的語文老師換成了一位只有二十出頭的小夥子。他姓吳 -
2017年GMAT閲讀模擬試題及答案
笨鳥先飛早入林,笨人勤學早成材。以下是小編為大家搜索整理的2017年GMAT閲讀模擬試題及答案,希望能給大家帶來幫助,更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses i -
2017年GMAT句子改錯模擬試題帶解析
1997年GMAC將GMAT改為計算機考試,並從一年四次考試增加為一年216次。考試次數增加,人數增多,評分工作量增大,故而E-Rater被引進到電腦考試作文的判分工作中。GMAC已經認為E-Rater軟件判分相對於傳統的由教師閲讀判分要更 -
2015年gmat考試押題試卷及答案(一)
1. According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a -
2015年gmat考試押題試卷及答案(三)
1. It is called a sea, but the landlocked Caspian is actually the largest lake on Earth, which covers more than four times the surface area of its closest rival in size, North America’s Lake Sup -
2015年gmat考試押題試卷及答案(二)
1. The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experiments in his Essay on Heat and Light, a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of -
2015年GMAT考試測試題大全
1. A little under a million years ago, the briny waters of the Baltic Sea began flooding into the cold North Atlantic: geologists are still debating whether the flood was gradual or created a cataclys -
2015年GMAT考試語法測試題
1. A little under a million years ago, the briny waters of the Baltic Sea began flooding into the cold North Atlantic: geologists are still debating whether the flood was gradual or created a cataclys -
GMAT句子改錯考試模擬題及答案解析
相信在520這一天,你會在各種社交軟件上看到一些我愛你的愛情唯美的説説和句子語錄。以下是本站小編為你精心整理的我愛你經典語錄説説,希望你喜歡。我愛你經典語錄説説【精選版】1) 用深情凝視你的臉龐,愛在感動中醖釀; -
2017年GMAT考試閲讀模擬訓練題
學會學習的人,是非常幸福的人,以下是小編為大家搜索整理的2017年GMAT考試閲讀模擬訓練題,希望能給大家帶來幫助,更多精彩內容請及時關注我們應屆畢業生考試網!Biologists have advanced two theories to explain why scho