定語從句 大學聯考

  定語從句 大學聯考

  一、定語從句

定語從句 大學聯考

概述在複合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。引導定語從句的有關係代詞who,whom,whose,which,that,as等和關係副詞where,when,why等。

關係代詞和關係副詞在定語從句中擔任的句子成分加下嘉,

先行詞 引導詞引導詞在句中擔任的成分

物 that, which 主語、賓語、表語

whose 定語

when, where, why 狀語

人 who, that 主語、賓語、表語

whose 定語

whom 賓語、表語

人、物、事 as 主語、賓語、表語

定語從句中選擇引導詞的依據有兩個:一是看先行詞是人還是物,二是看引導詞在從句中擔任的成分。

  二與which的辨析

1.只用that不用which的情況

(1)先行詞是不定代詞:all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例如:

All that we have to do is to practise every day.我們必須做的就是每天練習。

Little that he said is believable他的話很少有可信的。

(2)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。例如:

The first lesson thatI leamed will never be forgotten我將永遠記得我的第一堂課。

(3)先行詞被all,any,。very,each,few,little,等限定詞修飾。例如:

Every means that had been tried proved to be useless.

嘗試過的每一種方法都證明是無用的。

I have read all the books (that)you gave me.我已讀了你給我的所有的書。

(4)先行詞被the only,the very,the right,just the修飾時。例如:

He is the only person that l want to talk to.他是我想與之交談的唯一的人。

This is just the book (that) I'm looking for.這正是我在找的書。

(5)先行詞既有人又有物時。例如:

They talked of things and persons that theyremembered in the school.他們談起了他們所記得的學校裏的人和事。

(6) the way作先行詞並且引導詞在從句中作狀語。例如:

I hate the way(that)he talks to his wife.我討厭他對他妻子說話的方式。

(7) time作先行詞表示“次數”,並且引導詞在從句中不作成分。例如:

This is the first time( that)l have been here.我是第一次來這兒。

1 won't forget the many times(that)he helped me outof trouble.我不會忘記他一次次地幫我脫離困境。

(8)當主句是以which開頭的特殊疑問句時,定語從句須用that,以免與先行詞重複。例如:

Which of us that knows something about physics doesnot know this?我們當中懂得一些物理知識的人有誰不知道這個呢?

2.在下列情況下只用which

(1) which作介詞賓語並且與介詞一起提至定語從句句首時。例如:

This is the very room in which l was born這正是我出生的那個房間。

It will be something of which you're proud.這將是你爲之自豪的東西。

(2)引導非限制性定語從句,在從句中作主語、表語賓語時;或以整個句子爲先行詞時。例如:

He came late again, which made the teacher angry.

他又來晚了,這讓老師很生氣。

We all agreed to the plan, which we thought was olgreat value我們都同意這個計劃,認爲它很有價值。

  三、其他詞引導的定語從句

e引導的定語從句

(1) whose引導定語從句,其後應緊跟名詞,構成名詞短語,whose用作定語。例如:

那就是我們剛纔看了他的繪畫的那個孩子。

[誤]That's the childwhose we looked at dIaWmg just no、[正]That's the child—__、ive looked at just now.

(2) whose的先行詞指物時,可用of which代替whose,但詞序不同,即whose+名詞- the+名詞+ofwhich。例如:

Ihe novelwhose title is Red and Black is very interesting

(二)標題爲《紅與黑》的那部小說很有趣。

He lives in the room whose window faces south(- thewindow of which)-f也住在窗戶朝南的房間裏。

注意:which也可用作定語,但不表示所屬關係,而是相當於this或that的含義。

如:He stayed in England for three years, duringwhich time he learned English他在英國住了三年,在此期間他學會了英語

,where,why引導的定語從句

when,where,why分別引導先行詞爲表示時間、地點和原因的名詞之後的定語從句,並且在從句中作狀語。

I know the reason why he came late.我知道他遲到的原因。

This is the place where we lived for five years.這就是我們住了五年的地方。

1 will never forget the day when I met Mr. Liu我不會忘記遇見劉先生的那一天。

注意:(1)先行詞表示地點時,有時用where,有時用that或which引導定語從句。這時要根據從句的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的來判斷,是及物動詞的就用that( which),否則用where。即引導詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語時就用that( which),否則就用where。

This is the house_ __he lived last year.

{這就是他去年住的房子。

{ These are the houses——were built ten yearsAgo.這些是十年前建的房子。

(2)先行詞表示時間時,若引導詞在從句中作主語、賓語或表語,用that( which);引導詞在從句中作狀語就用when。.I'll never forget the days we spent together.

我不會忘記我們在一起度過的日子。

Do you still remember the day____we first met?

你還記得我們第一次見面的那天嗎?

,whom引導的定語從句

(1) who用作主語、賓語或表語;whom作賓語或表語。

This is the man_ _helped me.這就是幫我的那個人。

The doctor____you are looking for is in theroom你找的那個醫生在房間裏。

但如果引導詞用作介詞的賓語,且介詞與引導詞一起提到賓語從句的句首,則必須用whom引導定語從句。

例如:

She's such a girl with whom you can share yoursorrow and happiness.她是個可以與你同甘共苦的女孩。

(2)若先行詞爲人,其關係代詞既可用who,whom,也可用that。

The girl who(that)is speaking at the meeting is ourmonitor.正在會上發言的那個女孩子是我們的班長。

但在下列情況下多用who。

(D關係代詞在從句中作主語時,多用who。

Do you know the man who spoke just now?

剛纔發言的人你認識嗎?

The doctor who treated me was very experienced.

給我治病的醫生是很有經驗的。

②先行詞爲all,anyone,one,ones等時,多用who。

All who heard the news were excited.

所有聽到這消息的人都感到興奮。

Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.

任何破壞法規的人都將受到懲罰。

③先行詞爲those和people時,多用who。

___ _ please sign their names here.

想去的人請在這裏簽名。

People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.

有時候,眼睛看得見的人也會做出同樣的蠢事。

④在非限制性定語從句中須用who。

Tom's father, who is over sixty, still works hard.

湯姆的父親已年過六旬,依然努力工作着。

Mr. Green,____ ,will teach us physics next term格林先生,就是你昨天在圖書館見過的那個人,下學期將教我們物理。

⑤在被分隔的定語從句中須用who。

A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teachyou German教你們德語的'新教師明天來。

⑥在以there be開頭的句子中多用who。

There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.

有個陌生人要見我們的校長。

⑦一個句子中帶着兩個定語從句,其中一個關係代詞是that,另一個須用who。

The student who was praised at the meeting is themonitor—__and studies very hard.在會上受到表揚的學生是班長,他謙虛好學。

引導的定語從句as引導的限制性定語從句見於the same.,*和.句型,其中as爲代詞,在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。

l like the same book as you do.我喜歡的書和你喜歡的一樣。

1 want to have such a dictionary as he has.我想要和他的一樣的詞典。

注意辨析:

He wears the same dress that he wore yesterday.

(同一件衣服)1 bought the same dress as she had bought.

(同一類東西)和which引導的定語從句___ _ ,he studies very hard這一點我們都知道,他學習很刻苦。

As is known to all, he is the best student in ourclass.正如大家所知,他是班上最好的學生。

常用的這種類似插入語的句式有as is said above,asis known to all, as it is等。

注意:as和which引導非限制性定語從句時都可代指整個主句內容,二者的區別是:①as引導的定語從句位置靈活,可放在句首、句中或句末;which引導的定語從句只能放在主句之後。②as翻譯成“正如”“這一點”;which則譯爲“這件事”。

As is mentioned above, English is easy to learn正如上文所提及的,英語很容易學。

He failed in the examination again,____.

他考試再次不及格,這令他的父母很失望。

  參考答案

三、1. (l)whose drawing; (2)the title of which2. (l)where; that/which; (2)that/which; when3. (l)who; whom; (2)③Those who want to go;④who you saw in the library yesterday;⑦that is verymodest5. As we all know; which disappointed his parents