關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語。
1)關係副詞when, where, why的含義相當於介詞+ which結構,因此常常和介詞+ which結構交替使用。例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。
Beijing is the place where(in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?
2)that代替關係副詞,可以用於表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞後取代when, where, why和介詞+ which引導的定語從句,在口語中that常被省略。例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。
關係詞通常有下列三個作用:1)引導定語從句;2)代替先行詞;3)在定語從句中擔當一個成分。關係代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;
關係代詞的.用法 關係代詞 指代對象及在從句中所作的成分使用要點that
即指人又指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)只用於限制性定語從句中,介詞後面不能跟that。 當代替物時,可以與which通用。
Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress that I gave her.
昨天艾米麗穿了我送給她的新衣服。
I have a friend that likes listening to classical music我有個朋友喜歡聽古典音樂。
which
指物;作主語或賓語(作賓語時可省略)
在非限定性定語從句中,只宜用which,不能用that.在限定性定語從句中,可用在介詞之後。
My parents live in a house which is more than 100 years old
我的父母住在一座具有100多年歷史的房子裏
who,whom
指人;作主語或賓語(whom常可省略) 先行詞必須爲人。Who可代替在從句中擔任賓語的whom,若前有介詞,須用whom
A couch potato is a person who spends a lot of time watching TV. “A couch potato”指那種成天沉湎於電視中的人。
The student(whom)I taught two years ago has joined the army.
我兩年前教的那個學生已經參軍了。
whose 既指人又指物;作定語 是代詞的所有格, 代物時,相當於of which。
The room whose window faces south is mine. 那個窗戶朝南的房間是我的。
注意:whose指物時,常用of which結構來代替。如:
The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.