在考研衝刺階段，大家不要忽視了一些重點語法知識點，不管是完型、閱讀還是翻譯寫作，語法都是非常關鍵的。小編爲大家精心準備了考研英語衝刺階段的語法重點知識，歡迎大家前來閱讀。
虛擬語氣的重點是：
1.一些常見的虛擬語氣的句型或結構。
2.虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、的建議、的命令、的提議、的意願等的主語從句、的賓語從句、的表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬形式。
3.主從句表示不同的時間概念、的事實或假設情況，從而交錯成爲複合虛擬語氣。
4.含蓄條件句中的虛擬語氣的表示願望的虛擬形式。
上述四個要點往往在完形填空或者閱讀理解裏面存在，尤其是每年完形填空都至少有一道直接考這方面的知識的題目，而在閱讀理解裏，我們掌握上述四個重點對於我們理解文章的大意和作者態度很有幫助，瞭解哪些觀點是作者假設的、的虛擬的，哪些是真實的，這樣對於我們回答關於作者態度觀點題很有幫助。
下面我們將主要從上述四個方面來重點論述在考試中應該注意的問題。
一、虛擬語氣的常見類型和句型
(1) 由wish引起的表示願望的虛擬語氣
A.用wish表示對現在的願望時，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動詞形式爲：過去式(be動詞用were)。
B.用wish表示對將來的願望時，它所引起的賓語從句中謂語動詞形式爲：would, could, might+ 動詞原形。
用於對過去的事實表示一種不可能實現的願望時，賓語從句中的謂語動詞形式爲：had+動詞過去分詞或could, would + have +動詞過去分詞。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.”
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
(2) had hoped引起的賓語從句中備用語動詞形式爲would+動詞原形，表示一種過去未實現的願望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to business with him, but his son became an artist later.
(3) would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的從句中要求用過去式表示當時或將來的情況，用過去完成時表示過去的情況，表示希望或婉轉的責備。例如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把這封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那兒可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把這本書還了。
(4) It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that從句中要求用虛擬語氣形式，即動詞要用過去式。
It’s time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.現在是我們該結束講座的時候了。
(5)as, 或者whether…or…謂語多用be的原形，引導讓步虛擬從句，這種用法通常採用倒裝結構：
Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
(6)由連接詞in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear that引起的狀語從句中，謂語動詞要用虛擬形式，即should(might, would)+動詞原形，例如：
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那個嬰兒身上蓋上了毯子以免他着涼。
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself.
(7) if it were not for…與現在事實相反， if it had not been for與過去事實相反，兩個都相當於but for：
If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded.
(8) 虛擬語氣用於as if(though)引起的方式狀語從句和表語從句中，其動詞形式與wish賓語從句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常發出發自內心的微笑，而且她那美好的情緒像天上一道明亮的陽光一樣，常常流露出來。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.他們交談着，就好像他們是我年的老朋友一樣。
She looks as if she would cry.她看起來好像要哭了。
(9)其它各種句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only等等
If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry.
二、特殊形式的虛擬語氣
虛擬語氣的特殊形式，即用來表示要求、的建議、的命令、的提議、的意願等的主語從句、的賓語從句、的表語從句和同位語從句中的虛擬形式，其虛擬語氣的構成往往是由should(可省略)+動詞原形that從句。
A、的 用於表示意願、的建議、的命令、的提議、的請求等動詞後的that賓語從句中，這類動詞有：
ask要求 advise建議 arrange安排 beg請求
command命令 decide決定 demand要求 desire渴望
determine決定 insist堅持 intend打算 maintain堅持主張
move建議，動員 propose提議 object反對 order命令
prefer建議 require 需要 request要求 resolve下決心
recommend推薦 suggest建議 stipulate約定，規定 urge強調，促進
vote公認，提議 decree頒佈(法令) pray請求
注意：這類動詞後面除了可接that虛擬句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…來表達，一般情況下，意思沒有什麼差別。
She advised that we should keep the gate locked.(書面體)
She advised us to keep the gate locked.(口語)
She advised keeping the gate locked.(較隨便)
B、的用於It is+形容詞或過去分詞+主語從句中，這類形容詞或分詞有：
advisable合理的 decided決定的 crucial關鍵的 appropriate恰當的
determined決定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的' essential緊要的
complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的 important重要的
desirable合意的 better較好的 insistent堅持的 desired想要
asked請求 keen渴望的 incredible難以置信的 adamant堅定不移的
natural自然的 insisted堅持 necessary必要的 suggested建議
urgent緊迫的 ordered命令 shocked震驚的 vital極其重要的
possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable (好一點)proposed提議
requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推薦 resolved決定的
probable(可能的) pity可惜，憾事 shame遺憾
注意：這類形容詞後面除了可接that虛擬句以外，也可以for…to do…
來表達，一般情況下，意思沒有什麼差別。
It is essential that he should be prepared for this.
It is essential for him to be prepared for this.
C.用於由表示建議、的要求、的命令、的請示等含義的名詞引導的表語從句和同位語從句中，這類名詞常見的有：
advice忠告 decision決定 demand要求 desire要求、的願望
insistence堅持 motion提議 necessity必要性 order命令
preference偏愛 proposal提議 pray懇求 recommendation推薦
request要求 requirement要求 resolution決心 suggestion勸告、的忠告
例如：
This is their resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.這是他們的決議：要使得課外活動成爲他們學校生活的一部分。
The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.該提議要求把最後一個發言的人的講話從記錄上除掉。
三、的混合虛擬語氣
有時主句和從句的謂語動詞指不同的時間，這時需要用混合虛擬語氣。一般來說，在這種情況下，主從句謂語動詞指代的時間不同，所以我們又可以錯綜時間條件句，在這種虛擬情況，動詞形式應根據實際情況靈活使用，在做這些題目時候尤其要注意每道題目的提示語：時間狀語。絕大多數情況下，從句或者主句都有相關的時間狀語，這是我解題的關鍵。
If you that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch
C. hadn’t watched D. wouldn’t have watched 答案選C。
Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something.
Had Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.
混合虛擬語氣還有一種情況就是事實和虛擬假設的混合句，這樣的句子不僅僅是時間的不同，而重要是事實和假設的混合。
I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week.
該句前半部分是假設虛擬，而後半部分是事實的陳述。
Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time.
該句前半句用的是假設虛擬，後半句主句也用的是假設虛擬(如果你去並且解釋的話)，但是後半句的從句用的是事實語氣，因爲“父母病了”是客觀事實，故不需要用虛擬形式had been。
四、含蓄虛擬條件句
含蓄條件句是指句中沒有明顯的虛擬條件句，而是利用其他手段來暗示存在虛擬條件。但是這類隱含式虛擬條件句往往都可以轉化爲if引導的條件句。常來表示含蓄虛擬條件的手段有：
(1)介詞或介詞短語，如but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition等。
the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 答案選B。
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
(2)連詞，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened carefully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted.
If only I had more money, I could buy a car.
(注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的從句中謂語動詞多用should+動詞原形，但可以不用虛擬語氣，而用動詞的陳述語氣形式。)例如：
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 這位外籍教師說得很慢以免我們聽不懂。
Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow should occur.在使用此法時要小心謹慎，以免會發生溢流現象。
(3)通過上下文及內在含義，句中往往有but, otherwise, unfortunately等類似轉折詞。
I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake.
A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep選擇 B。
(4)形容詞及其比較級
A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes.
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried so hard to get this job done.
(5)分詞短語
Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident.
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father.
(6)動詞不定式短語。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虛擬。
I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time.
To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman.
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.
It would be easier to do it this way.
(7)名詞短語和名詞+and結構
A judicious man would not have committed suicide.
A diligent student would have worked harder.
(8)獨立主格結構
All things considered, the price would be reasonable.
(9)定語從句
Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same.
A nation, which stopped working, would be dead in a fortnight.
(10)情態動詞完成式暗示虛擬語氣：
I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didn’t.
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke.
(11)動詞原形表示虛擬
動詞原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一種虛擬，最常見於正式文體中，動詞原形一般用在條件從句中，有時倒裝置於句首，同時這種用法也常見於獨立句中表達願望。
God bless you!
All magnets behave the same, be they large or small.
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come).
If that be so, we shall take action at once.
考研英語衝刺語法倒裝的八類用法英語句子的語序一般是固定的：主語在前，謂語在後，這叫陳述語序。謂語的全部或一部分(助動詞或情態動詞)放在主語之前的現象稱爲倒裝。倒裝有兩種情況：語法倒裝和修辭倒裝。因爲語法結構而必須倒裝的，叫語法倒裝;爲達到某種修辭目的而倒裝的，叫修辭倒裝。我們學習倒裝的主要目的是增加對英語句式多樣性的認識，以便在寫作和口語中使用，這也是我們學習英語語法的主要目的。
1、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句要倒裝
例如：
Shall I open the door? 要我開門嗎?
Are you cold? 你冷嗎?
Can you read this poem in German? 你能用德語朗誦這首詩嗎?
Which of the pictures do you like best? 你最喜歡哪張畫?
How are you getting along? 你目前怎麼樣?
When will there be lasting peace in the world?
什麼時候世界上纔能有持久的和平?
2、There be 句型當中。There be 句型表達的意思是：“某處有….”。這個句型的主語在謂語動詞後面，因此這是倒裝語序。
例如：
There are not many people who want to read this book.
想看這本書的人不多。
There once lived a pack of wolves in this cave.
在這個洞裏曾經住過一羣狼。
There happened to be a taxi parked at the gate.
碰巧門口停着一輛出租車。
There is going to be a change in our arrangement.
我們的安排將有一個變化。
3、當連詞as 表示“雖然、儘管”引導讓步狀語從句時，句子要倒裝，as 相當於though,可以替換。
如：
Small as/though the atom is, we can smash it.
儘管原子很小，我們可以擊碎它。
Tired as/though he was, he went on working.
(=Although he was very tired, he went on working.)
雖然他很累，他還是接着工作。
Cold as/though it was, we went out. 雖然天氣冷，我們還是出去了。
Child as/though she is, she knows a great deal.
她雖然是個孩子，但她懂得很多。
Teacher as he is, he knows little about teaching.
儘管他是個老師，但不懂什麼教學。
Pilots as he claims he is, no one has ever seen him fly a plane.
儘管他聲稱是個飛行員，但誰也沒見過他非飛機。
注意後四句是可數名詞單數作表語並提前，習慣上不用冠詞。
4、虛擬語氣條件從句中的if 被省略時，要把從句中的were, had 或should 移到主語之前。(if 的省略、倒裝只限於從句中有were, had 或should這三個詞時。)
例如：
If I had been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
=Had I been in your place, I wouldn’t have given it up so early.
如果我在你的位置，我不會這樣早放棄。
If he were to succeed, the sun would rise from the west.
=Were he to succeed, the sun….
如果他能成功，太陽就會從西邊出來。
If you should be asked about this, say that you know nothing.
=Should you be asked about this, say……
如果有人問起你這件事，你就說你什麼也不知道。
Were there no air or water, there would be no life on the earth.
如果沒有空氣和水，地球上就不會有生命。
Had you been more careful, you might have avoided the mistake.
如果你再細心點，本來事可以避免這個錯誤的。
5、以so開頭的，表示“也一樣”，“也這樣”的句子要倒裝。So 用於肯定句，代替上文中的形容詞、名詞或動詞，通常指前面所說的肯定情況也適用於其他人或物。結構是“so + be (do, have 其他助動詞或情態動詞)+主語”。
如：
Production is going up, so is the people’s standard of living.
生產不斷髮展，人們的生活水平也一樣。
Society has changed and so have the people in it. 社會變了，
社會上的人也變了。
Coal is under the ground, and so is oil. 煤在地底下，石油也是。
He saw it, and so did I. 他看見了，我也看見了。
They can swim now, and so can we. 他們現在能游泳，我們也能。
We must start for the work-site now. So must you.
我們該動身去工地了，你們也該去了。
注意：如果只是對前句的內容表示同意，則不要倒裝。
如：
It was hot yesterday. ?So it was! 昨天很熱。是的。
He works very hard. ?So he does. 他工作很努力。是的。
Tomorrow will be Monday. ?So it will. 明天星期一。對。
翻譯下列句子：
1)我會說英語。我弟弟也會。
I can speak English. So can my brother.
2)他們上星期日到頤和園去了。我們也去了。
They went to the Summer Palace last Sunday. So did we.
3)他去過長城。我也去過。
He has been to the Great Wall. So have I.
4)她喜歡教英語。我姐姐也喜歡。
She enjoys teaching English. So does my sister.
5)你說他很努力，對，他確實很努力，你也一樣。
You say he works hard. So he does, and so do you.
注意：在so……..結構中，如果so 在句首，通常也用倒裝結構。
例如：
So easy is it that a boy can learn it.
那很容易，小孩子都能學。
(原句是：It is so easy that a boy can learn it.)
So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly understand him clearly. 他說得很快，我們簡直聽不清楚。
(原句是：He spoke so rapidly that we could hardly understand him clearly.)
6、以neither與nor開頭的句子，表示“…也不”時，句子倒裝。Neither 與nor 意思相同，可以互換。Neither, nor 用於否定句，通常指前面所說的否定情況也適用於其他人或物。結構是：Neither (nor) + be (do, have, 其他助動詞或情態動詞) +主語。
例如：
I won’t do such a thing. Nor/Neither will anyone else.
我不會做這樣的事，別人也不會。
The first one wasn’t good and neither was the second.
第一個不好，第二個也不好。
I won’t go there. Neither will she.
我將不去那裏。她也不去。
翻譯練習：
1)我不知道他住哪兒。她也不知道。
I don’t know where he lives. Neither does she.
2)我不知道這兩個句子的區別。?他們也不知道。
I don’t know the difference between these two sentences. Nor do they.
3)我昨天晚上沒有寫作文。魏芳也沒寫。
I didn’t write my composition yesterday evening. Neither did Wei Fang.
4)學生們不在教室裏。老師也不在。
The students were not in the classroom. Nor was the teacher.
7、以here, there, now, then 等副詞開頭的句子中。習慣上用一般現在時(除以then開頭的句子用過去時)。
例如：
There comes the bus! 汽車來了。
There goes the bell. 鈴響了。
Now comes your turn. 該輪到你了。
Then came a new difficulty. 接着來了個新難題。
Then followed three days of heavy rain. 後來連着下了三天大雨。
Up went the plane. 飛起來了飛機。
Our rushed a cat from under the bed. 從牀底下竄出一隻貓。
Here is a letter for you. 這兒有你一封信。
注意：在這種句型中，如果主語是代詞時就不倒裝。
例如：
Here you are. 給你。
There he comes. 他來了。
Here it is. 這就是。
8、在表示祝願的句子中。
如：
May you have a pleasant trip. 祝你旅途愉快。
考研英語衝刺強調句構成及處理知識點●強調句的構成：
It is +被強調部分+that( who ) +句子其他成分
【解析】現在時間爲is;過去時間爲was;被強調部分爲動詞外的任何成分;強調對象爲人則用who或者that;強調對象爲物則只能用that;句子的其他成分爲正常語序。
●強調句的處理方法：
去掉強調格式後，將被強調部分還原到句子中。
例1：It was she , a Baltimore printer , who published the first offcial copies of the Declaration , the first included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies .
【解析】
去掉強調格式後，還原句子爲：She , a Baltimore printer , published the first official copies of the Declaration , the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies 被強調對象爲主與。
【譯文】
她，巴爾的摩的印刷商，出版了第一本官方的《獨立宣言》在這個版本里包含有每個簽署者的名字，這樣一來就表明了全部十三個殖民地的支持。
例2：Thus , in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers , coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes , that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it .
【解析】
去掉強調格式以後，句子還原爲：Thus , in the American economic system ，the system , the demand of individual consumers , coupled with the desirs of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes , together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it .被強調對象爲主語。
【譯文】於是，在美國的經濟系統中，個人消費者的需求，商人利潤最大化的慾望及個人收入最大化的渴求，共同決定了應該生產什麼產品，以及如何利用資源來成產這些產品。
例3：It was just a decade before this that many drug companies had found their vitamin sales skyrocketing and were quick to supply practicing physicians with generous samples of vitamins and literature extolling the virtue of supplementation for a variety of health-related conditions.
