在英語中,定語從句的用法是怎樣的呢?以下是小編收集的相關信息,僅供大家閱讀參考!
在複合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句,被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞,引導定語從句的有關係代詞who,whom,whose,which,that等和關係副詞where,when,why等,關係代詞和關係副詞在定語從句中擔任句子成份。
1.由who引導的定語從句中,who用作主語,如:This is the boy who often helps me.
2.由whom引導的定語從句中,whom用作賓語,如:The man whom you are waiting for has gone home.
3.由whose引導的定語從句中,whose用作定語,如:Do you know the girl whose skirt is white?
4.由which引導的定語從句中,which用作主語或謂語動詞的賓語或介詞的賓語,如:
The room in which there is a machine is a work shop.
The river which is in front of my house is very clean.
This is the pen which you want.
注意:
(1)whom,which用作介詞賓語時,介詞可放在whom、which之前,也可放在從句原來的位置上;但在含有介詞的動詞固定詞組中,介詞只能放在原來的位置上。如:He is the very person whom we must take good care of.
(2)引導非限制性定語從句時,必須用關係代詞which,不用that,如:I have lost
my bag,which I like very much.
(3)關係代詞在句中作主語時,從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數必須和先行詞保持一致。
5.由that引導的定語從句中,that可以指人或物,在從句中作主語或謂語動詞的賓語,但不能放在介詞後面作介詞賓語,如:
The book that I bought yesterday was written by Lu Xun.
注意在下面幾種情況下必須用that引導定語從句。
(1)先行詞是不定代詞all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等,如:
All that we have to do is to practise English.
(2)先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,如
The first letter that I got from him will be kept.
(3)先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾,如
I've eaten up all the food that you gave me.
(4)先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時如
He is the only person that I want to talk with.
(5)先行詞既有人又有物時,如:
They talked about persons and things that they met.
(6)當句中已有who時,爲避免重複,如:Who is the man that is giving us the
class?
6.由when,where,why引導的定語從句,如:
I don't know the reason why he was late.
This is the place where we have lived for 5 years.
I'll never forget the day when I met Mr Li for the first time.
注意:先行詞是表示地點時,如果從句的'謂語動詞是及物的,就用that(which),如果從句的謂語動詞是不及物的,就用where引導。This is the house Which/that he has lived in for 15 years.(Where he has lived for 15 year.)
7.限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
(1)限制性定語從句是句中不可缺少的組成部分,主句和從句之間不用逗號分開。引導非限制性定語從句的關係代詞有who,whom,whose,which,of which等,這些關係代詞都不能省略。
(2)非限制性定語從句是對主句先行詞的補充說明,沒有這種從句,不影響主句意思的完整,一般用逗號把主句和從句分開,關係代詞用which,不用that;指人時可用who,如:I have two brothers,who are both students.
8.如何簡化定語從句
(1).定語從句簡化爲形容詞或形容詞短語作後置定語。如:
My grandfather lives in a village that is far away from here.
→My grandfather lives in a village far away from here.我祖父住在離這兒很遠的一個村子。
This is a book that is worth reading.
→This is a book worth reading.這是一本值得看的書。
(2)定語從句簡化爲現在分詞或現在分詞短語作前置或後置定語。
The man who is standing under the tree is our English teacher.
→The man standing under the tree is our English teacher.
站在樹下面的那個人是我們的英語老師。
I saw the house that was burning at that time.→I saw the burning house at that time.
當時我看到那房子在燃燒。
(3)定語從句簡化爲過去分詞短語作後置定語。
I like to see the films which are directed by Zhang Yimou.→I like to see the films directed by Zhang Yimou.我喜歡看張藝謀導演的電影。
She is the girl who was praised at the school meeting.→She is the girl praised at the school meeting.她就是在校會上受表彰的那個女孩。
(4)定語從句簡化爲不定式作後置定語。
He is always the first person that comes to school.→He is always the first person to come to school.他總是第一個到校。
The report which will be given tomorrow is important to us.→The report to be given tomorrow is important to us.明天要作的報告對我們很重要。
(5)定語從句簡化爲what從句。
I couldn't remember the words that he said.→I couldn't remember what he said.
我記不得他說的話。
【典型例題解析】
例1 The second book ______I want to read is Business the Speed of Thought.
h
解析先行詞book被序數詞修飾時要用that引導定語從句,故選C。
例2 I'll never forget the days _____I stayed with you.
which which
解析本題指時間,故選A。
例3 The book______ is sold out at the moment.
need you need
h you need it you need it
解析B、C、D中的what和it與先行The book相牴觸,故選A。
例4 Is this the place ______Lincoln once lived.
h e
解析本題指地點,故選C。
例5 I'm one of the boys _________ never late for school.
is are am is
解析本題中who用作主語,謂語動詞與先行詞the boys保持一致,故選B。
【選講例題】
例6 Her sister,______ you met at my home,was a teacher of English.
h is
解析非限制性定語從句中,關係代詞用which,不用that,但指人時用who或whom.故選A。
例7 These book are for students _____ mother language is not English.
whom h e
解析whose引導的定語從句中,whose用作定語,故選D。