定語從句
限制和非限制性定語從句: 限制性定語從句是名詞詞組不可缺少的`一個組成部分, 去掉了會造成病句或意義不明確; 非限制性定語從句屬於補充說明性質, 去掉了不會影響主要意義, 通常用逗號與它的先行詞分開.
The boys who wanted to play football were disappointed when it rained.
The boys, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.
如果定語從句的先行詞是專有名詞, 或是帶有形容詞性物主代詞或形容詞性指示代詞作限定詞, 其後的定語從句通常都是非限制性的:
Mary Smith, who is in the corner, wants to meet you.
Her mother, who had long suffered form arthritis, died last night.
All these books, which have been donated by visiting professors, are to be used by the postgraduates.
在非限制性定語從句中只能用who/whom指人, 用which指物,通常不用that替代.
My father, who had been on a visit to America, returned yesterday.
All the books, which had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.
定語從句的引導詞
that, who, whom: 非限制性定語從句, 如果修飾人, 一般用who, 有時用that . 如果關係代詞在從句中作賓語, 就應當用賓格 whom 或that, 但在大多數情況下都可以省略掉, 在口語中可用who代替whom.
