CMS is used to digitally sign or encrypt arbitrary messages. CMS describes an encapsulation syntax for data protection. It supports digital signatures and Encryption. The syntax allows multiple encapsulation, so one encapsulation envelope can be nested inside another. Likewise, one party can digitally sign some previously encapsulated data. It also allows arbitrary attributes, such as signing time, to be authenticated along with the message content, and provides for other attributes such as counter-signatures to be associated with a signature.
CMS被用於數據簽名或者任意消息加密中。CMS提供了一套用於數據保護的數據封裝語法。該語法支持數據簽名和數據加密。該語法允許多重封裝，所以一封數據信封能被另外一封數據信封所封裝。同樣的，該語法封裝數據的部分數據位可以用來表示被封裝數據。也允附加一些屬性如簽名時間，它和內容信息一起用於鑑別信息;計數器屬性，它爲其它屬性提供計數信息。
計算機英語經典短文：XDM
XDM is the foundation of XPath 2.0 and defines the Data Model for XPath 2.0 (and consequently XQuery 1.0 and XSLT 2.0, which are both based on XPath 2.0). XDM is built on top of the XML Info set (the abstraction of an XML document), PSVI (type annotations in the XML Info set as the result of XML Schema validation), the simple data types of XML Schema, and additional concepts. The most important additional concept is that of a "sequence", which embraces both simple data types and the XML-derived nodes.
XDM是XPath2.0的基礎，它定義了XPath2.0的數據模型(因此XQuery 1.0 、XSLT 2.0也就基於XPath 2.0)。XDM 建立在XML信息集(從XML文檔中抽取)和PSVI(作爲確認XML Schema結果的XML信息集合的註釋類型)的頂端、屬於簡單的XML Schema的數據類型、是一個附加的概念。其中，它最重要的附加概念就是“順序”，即包括簡單數據類型和XML的源節點。
計算機英語經典短文：ABNF
Internet technical specifications often need to define a format syntax and are free to employ whatever notation their authors deem useful. Over the years, a modified version of BNF, called ABNF, has been popular among many Internet specifications. It balances compactness and simplicity with reasonable representational power.
互聯網技術規範經常需要定義一種格式化語法並能自由地使用作者認爲是有用的任何符號。多年來，巴克斯範式（BNF）的`一個修訂版，即擴展巴克斯範式（ABNF），已經在許多互聯網規範中流行。該版本平衡了壓縮性和簡單性，具有合理的表達能力。
計算機英語經典短文：X.500
X.500 is an open, distributed, online directory service which is intended to be global in scope. X.500 is a support service for data exchange which includes providing directory support for data communication services specified by other OSI application standards. The X.500 series of standards covers services available to users, the functional model and protocols connecting the component parts of the directory, an information framework and a schema of the information held by the directory, and a mechanism for allowing OSI components to authenticate each other.X.500是一個開放的、分佈式的、趨向於全球化的在線目錄服務。X.500支持數據交換服務，該服務符合OSI模型和其他應用協議下的數據傳送的目錄服務。X.500這一系列標準涵蓋了可用的用戶服務、連接各組成部分的功能和協議模型、目錄的消息框架和信息保持、OSI模型中各組成部分彼此授權的支持等多個方面。
