1.關係代詞that引導的定語從句，that指人或指物，在從句中可以作主語、賓語。多數情況下，可與which互換。
【真題例句】In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins。(2001完形)
【結構分析】本句主幹爲Lord Irvine will introduce a draft bill…；其中bill由that引導的定語從句that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity…修飾，在從句中，that指代先行詞bill作主語。觀察連詞and，可確定此從句中並列兩個謂語will propose和will control。其中control的賓語the amount of publicity後又跟一個that引導的定語從句that can be given to a case before a trial begins，使用了被動語態，that指代先行詞publicity作主語。句首的介詞短語In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press作全句的狀語。
【參考譯文】爲了有效地加強對新聞界的.法律監控，大法官歐文勳爵將引入一項草案。這項草案將提出付款給證人是非法的，並且要嚴格控制審判前對案件的曝光。
2.注意：只能用that作爲定語從句的關係代詞的情況：
(1)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which；
(2)不定代詞如anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which；
(3) 先行詞有the only, the very修飾時，只用that；
(4) 先行詞爲序數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that；
(5) 先行詞既有人，又有物時。
【真題例句】To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, "all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing."(2003閱讀2)
【結構分析】本句的直接引語中，主幹爲一個主系表結構all is that…，其中主語all由that引導的定語從句that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause修飾，關係代詞that指代先行詞all在從句中作主語。表語由that引導的名詞性從句that good people do nothing充當。
【參考譯文】用18世紀政治家埃德蒙·柏克的話說："一個被誤導的事業如果能成功，它唯一需要的就是好人無所作爲"。
【真題例句】The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. (2001閱讀1)
【結構分析】本句的主幹是一個完成時的主系表結構The overall result has been… for amateurs，表語由不定式短語to make…harder(使……更難)充當。名詞短語a result that…是主幹中主語result的同位語，作用是對其進行補充說明。在此名詞短語中，關係代詞that引導定語從句that has been reinforced by…修飾先行詞result，that在從句中代替result作主語，從句的謂語使用了被動語態。
【參考譯文】總體結果是，業餘人員在專業地質學刊物上發表論文更難了，這種結果又由於審稿的廣泛引入而變得更糟--19世紀由國家級雜誌評審， 20世紀由一些地方地質學雜誌評審。
