完形填空(一)
宏觀上處理好篇章與空格之間的關係完形填空的測試目的是測試學生運用語言的綜合能力。完形填空的考試重點是上下文的聯繫和短語結構的搭配關係。由於考試時間緊，許多考生在回答這部分題的時候，往往不顧整個篇章的結構、大意或文體，一開始就把注意力放在空格選項上，孤立地研究單個選項，這就脫離了文章整體，答題的準確率也會大受影響。ヒ虼耍要做好這部分試題考生首先必須大體理解篇章的主要內容、邏輯關係，從而判斷出作者的意圖及歸納或演繹的思路;另外，考生在答題之前，還要對文章的文體有所瞭解，這有利於考生根據不同的文體對不同的或相近的選項做出正確的選擇。如文學材料、科普文章、新聞報道等由於文體上的不同，它們在用詞和句子結構上都有所不同。請看下面例子：
Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals， including man. They do not provide energy， ___1___ do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for ___2___ foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them， and if ___3___ is missing， a deficiency disease becomes ___4___.
1. A. either B. so C. nor D. never
2. A. shifting B. transferringC. altering D. transforming
3. A. any B. someC. anything D. something
4. A. serious B. apparent C. severe D. fatal
通讀全文後可知，這是一篇有關科普知識的短文，一般來說科普知識文章以客觀陳述爲突出特點，用詞比較正式，句子結構比較嚴密，因此在選擇時要在宏觀上考慮到這些因素。比如第四空，從科學常識可知，缺乏任何一種維生素都不至於使疾病嚴重(serious)、致命(fatal)，故應排除選項A和re(嚴厲的)不能用來修飾疾病。因此，選B apparent既合乎句意，搭配又得當。チ磽猓完形填空的空格沒有任何一個是孤立地存在的，必須把它們放在文章的語言環境中進行逐個推敲，同時利用自己對各種材料描寫、陳述內容的瞭解，作出正確選擇。
PART Ⅰ
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if ed in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___ and well maintained， with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections， a direct route is not always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore， these highways generally ___6___ large urban centers， which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush hours， ___8___ the “fast， direct” route becomes a very slow route. However， there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”， there are often older， ___11___ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. ___12___ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes， along high ___13___ ， or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes， longer and slower， they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and scenery is beautiful， and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh， clean view of the world.
1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore
2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated
3. A. little B. few C. much D. many
4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable
5. A. to B. into C. over D. by
6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
7. A. large B. fast C. high D. heavy
8. A. when B. for C. but D. that
9. A. unless B. if C. as D. since
10. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably
11. A. and B. less C. more D. or
12. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some
13. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths
14. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied
15. A. there B. when C. which D. whereお
參考答案及詳解
1. A) 此空四個選項都是從屬連詞，但是它們的屬性是不同的，例如：although是表示轉折關係的;since，because，therefore是表示原因關係的。通過閱
讀此空所在句得知大概句義爲：“儘管這些寬闊的現代化公路通常很平坦且維護良好，轉彎也很少，但是一直保持筆直的公路不總是令人賞心悅目”。根據語義線索和語法線索可知此空應填表示轉折關係的選項A.
2. C) 根據詞彙線索和詞義搭配可知，stable，splendid和complicated一般不能用來修飾roads.
3. B)根據語義線索可推斷此空正確答案爲選項B few.
4. C) 根據上下文可推測出如果高速公路總是保持筆直，對於駕駛者來說是非常枯燥的，因此本空的正確答案爲C enjoyable.
5. D) 介詞by能和動詞pass搭配，意爲“經過，掠過”。
6. B) 本句中的聯繫副詞Furthermore說明本句是對上一句的進一步補充和信息的增加，由此可推測本句句義爲高速公路不僅經過風景區和鄉村，通常還“將龐大的.都市中心區連接起來”。故正確答案爲B.
7. D) “交通擁擠”用heavy 和traffic搭配。
8. A)通過分析可知，這裏使用的是一個非限定性定語從句，四個選項中只有A when 具備此語法功能。
9. B)根據上下句關係可推斷此句爲條件句，故選項B爲正確答案。
10. A)根據主句中的“older …… roads”可推斷此空需要填一個比較意義的副詞，以構成對比關係，故選項A relatively“相應地，相對地”爲正確答案。其他三詞詞義分別爲：regularly“有規律地，定期地”;respectively“各自地”;reasonably“有理由地”。
11. B)根據此空前後詞及結構可斷定此空應使用比較級，故可排除A和D.另外根據上下文可推測此空應爲less，因爲“more heavily traveled”意爲“車輛擁擠的”公路，與常識不符。
12. D)從下文的others可知此空正確答案爲D some.
13. B)根據上文的slopes和下文的hillsides就可以斷定這裏需要一個表示路況不好的詞，選項A rocks意義不符，故只有B cliffs “懸崖” 爲正確答案。
14. A)根據題目和選項可斷定此空應爲towns的後置定語，由此可猜測句義爲“位於深谷中的城鎮”，“位於”lie是不及物動詞，不能以過去分詞的形式出現作名詞的後置修飾語，故正確答案爲lie的現在分詞形式lying.
15. D)定語從句修飾places用where來引導。
