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第一：從邏輯學角度看待英語文章的結構
任何一種語言本身都存在着一種內在的邏輯聯繫，故而瞭解英語的文字結構至關重要。從邏輯學角度看，文章存在二中邏輯結構。
其一，有的文章從開篇就出現具體的事例，具體的任務或是非常具體的數據，實驗等，其作用即在於引入主題，並加以論述證明自己的觀點的可取性與合理性。這種邏輯結構即爲歸納思維，類似於數學裏的歸納法。即使是應對一個具體的段落而言，段落的結構有一部分也符合這種模式，亦即在一段開始也是列舉具體的事例，數據，實驗過程講解等，這時候可以直接跳到段落結尾處去找重點，因爲此段落也符合歸納的邏輯思維。用中文的解釋即爲：總、分、總的文章結構。
Eg1：Imagine you’re at a party full of strangers。 You’re nervous。 Who are these people? How do you start a conversation? Luckily， you’ve got a thing that sends out energy at small chips(芯片) in everyone’s name tag(標籤)。The chips send back name， job， hobbies-whatever。 Making new friends becomes simple。
This hasn’t quite happened in real life。 But the world is already experiencing a new age of using RFID technology。
學生面對這兩段文字將如何快速找出主旨?看文章第一個詞Imagine(想象)就應斷定是列舉實例的開篇方式，主旨不在於實例本身而應是實例後的總結，即第二段文字是重點，通過實例總結出來的一個結論或是一個要討論的主題。還有第二段文字以否定句開頭，以轉折句銜接，故而二句都是重點。因爲閱讀過程中要格外注意三種句型：否定句、疑問句、轉折句。那麼這篇文章的主旨應爲：。 predict the uses of RFID technology 預測RFID (刷卡技術)的使用。從字面意思看：此種場景在現實生活中還沒有真實發生，但世界即將經歷一個新時代的到來。
Eg2： At the University of California， my students and I studied more than 2，000 years of self-change methods and also reviewed the scientific research works on that。 Among all the methods， three should be specially mentioned： they‘re useful， simple and easy to learn。 What’s more， people who have made successful changes in their lives often depended on one or more of these methods。
To get yourself started in a new direction， try the Three M‘s：
學生如何確定這兩段文字的重點內容?看第一句同樣是講述作者自己的親身經歷與研究領域，沒有多大意義;第二句看主句內容 three should be specially mentioned：要特別提到三種方法，後一句講的是三種方法怎麼重要，沒有多大意思。如果出題人給出此文的寫作目的是什麼?那麼用歸納的思維來判斷第二段小文字爲重點，應爲這是承上啓下段落。To get yourself started in a new direction， try the Three M‘s：(想讓自己重新來過請試試三個M方法)那麼用出題人自己的語言概況應爲：To encourage people to change their bad habits。
其二：也是大多數文章的結構，即與歸納思維反向的演繹思維，也是西方邏輯學上突破性的思維方式，直接推動西方科學知識的進步與突破。即開篇即提出作者自家的觀點，而且大多數都是猜測出來的口吻，運用的助動詞多爲情態動詞can、may、 could、 might;或是其他表示推測的詞性如：possible， probable， likely等及其變形。那麼此時這篇文章的中心就在文章的開頭處，必須精讀此處，切莫略過!
Eg1： Younger adults who get either little sleep or a lot of it may see a greater increase in their waistlines over time， a study suggests。
Eg2： Some people think that they have an answer to the problems of automobiles crowding and pollution in large cities。 Their answer is the bicycle， or bike。
Eg3：In modern society there is a lot of disagreement about competition。 Some value it highly， believing that it is good for social progress。 Others say that competition is bad。 It sets one person against another。 And it leads to unfriendly relationship between people。
此三段文字都爲觀點類句式，如think，disagreement等。
第二：要了解中學階段閱讀的具體題型。針對考試當中經常出現的題型現歸類如下：
A、缺少句子成分題型。如缺少主語，賓語，狀語成分，這是考試中最長出現的類型題。
Eg1：When we wear a pair of 3D glasses， _____。此題提供的內容是時間狀語從句，要補充主句的內容，那麼學生必須在原文中鎖定題幹中句子在原文何處出現，定位住原文後要精讀此句，找出與原文意思相同的句子，切莫一味找尋與原文一樣的答案，因爲很少有和原文完全相同的答案，如果真的出現與原文相同的句子，那就是最簡單的題型。定位原文Three-dimensional technology uses two film projectors(投影機)。 One projects a left eye image and the other projects a right eye image。 3D glasses allow us to see a different image in each eye。
那麼答案大致爲：our brain will get a different image from each eye
Eg2：Why do some people welcome competition according to the passage? 題幹爲因果關係題，亦即原因狀語的題型，還是一樣要從原文找內容，而不是從頭腦中找答案，不要記憶原文內容，要定位原文，精讀原文，與四個答案相對應，確定標準選項。定位原文：In modern society there is a lot of disagreement about competition。 Some value it highly， believing that it is good for social progress。 Others say that competition is bad。 It sets one person against another。 And it leads to unfriendly relationship between people。 此段文字第一句即爲主旨，開篇提出要討論的主題，即現在社會中人們對競爭的看法。緊接着就是列舉一些人的不同觀點，證明分歧在哪裏。故而出現some，others的句式結構，這是明顯的列舉方式。針對此題定位原文應爲橫線句：一些人高度重視，認爲它有助於社會進步。那麼答案爲 It pushes society forward。含義相同句式不同，這是正確答案的設置方式，因爲要體現出出題人的應爲駕馭能力，要體現出解釋的作用，理解的特點：即用不同的詞或短語解釋文中出現的複雜句式，paraphrase the sentence。
Eg3：Not all memories are people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences wars and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional(精神上的)hurts。 Often they appear again in dreams。
Now American researchers think they are close to developing a drug，which will help people forget bad drug is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience They hope it might reduce or possibly erase(清除)the effect of painful memories。
November， experts tested a drug on people in the US and drug stops the body producing chemicals that fix memories in the brain。 So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced，not that the memories are erased。
The research has caused a great deal of think it is a bad idea，while others support it。
Supporters say it could lead to drugs that prevent or treat soldiers’troubling memories after war They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories·
“Some memories can ruin(毀壞)people’s come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a usually come with very painful emotions，” said Roger Pitman， a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School。“This could reduce a lot of that suffering”
But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity(特質)。 They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past。 “All of us can think of bad experiences in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are.I’m not sure we want to erase those memories，” said Rebecca Dresser， a medical ethicist。
American researchers are trying to develop a drug to_______D_____。
ge people’s bad memories into good ones
people forget what happened in the past
soldiers get away from troubling memories
t people who suffer from terrible memories
The drug that have been tested on people can ____B_____
e the brain to lose memories
ce the effect of bad memories
people improve their memories
lly erase the painful memories
Rebecca Dresser thinks that ______C_____
memories can ruin people’s lives
drug can prevent people from sufferings
memories make us different from others
ng the drug will do harm to people’s health
此三題是出自一篇閱讀理解，都爲缺少句子成分題型，所以第一步都是在原文定位句型。
第一題：定位答案句型如橫線部分1，那麼答案就在這一段，而不在於你的頭腦之中。而且要體現上文提到的解釋作用和特點，不是照抄原文隻言片語，比如bad memories， terrible memories， painful memories or experiences 都可以，所以答案在定語從句Which中，爲D。
第二題：第一步定位原文2。 略過第二句，鎖定最後一句的最後部分only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced，應爲中間都是過程的解釋，我們要的是結果，答案爲B。
第三題：此爲類型題的一種即問某個專家的具體觀點題型，此題必須針對原文找答案，找出原文句子的同義句或解釋的句子。第一步鎖定題幹位置如圖所示3。這一段較長哪句是重點?第一句爲什麼?看But 一詞，這一句是反對此種研究人的觀點總結，後面舉一個具體的專家觀點，可以忽略而且第一句中because這部分爲答案。答案爲C
B、 對錯題。出題方法一般爲Which of the following statement is true or not true? or Which of the following is right or wrong except?此種題型多數答案爲文章中心句子或中心含義的進一步說明和解釋;少數題的答案爲文章某一具體句子意思的解釋。
Do you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? Normally the women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s。 Since research has shown that the bigger the brain， the cleverer the animal， men must be more intelligent(聰明的) than women。 Right? Wrong。 Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests， despite the difference in brain size。 Why? After years of study， researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters， not just the size of the brain。 The brain is made up of “grey matter” and “white matter”。 While men have more of the white matter， the amount(數量)of “thinking” brain is almost the same in both men and women。
Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?
A。 Grey matter controls thinking in the brain。
B。 Men’s brain is 10% less than women’s。
C。 Grey matter plays the same role as white matter。
D。 Men and women have the same amount of white matter。
B答案的10%是最好鎖定原文的答案也最好判斷對錯，此句爲主語與表語的篡改，錯。
C和D答案都用了the same as 句式，找回原文，C 答案明顯的無中生有，D答案爲篡改原文內容，因爲文中的疑問是Since research has shown that the bigger the brain， the cleverer the animal， men must be more intelligent(聰明的) than women。 Right? Wrong。注意疑問句Right?，他的回答是Wrong，錯在哪裏?細看這一句，since很關鍵意思是：既然，而非自從，既然研究證明大腦越大，這種生物就越聰明，那麼男人一定比女人聰明。對嗎?錯。 再往下看Why?的問句後的回答即爲結論：After years of study， researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters， not just the size of the brain。 Conclude結論是：大腦內部起作用而不是大小在起作用。A答案是從原文內容推斷出來的選項而非隻言片語的改寫，是在解釋最後一句的意思，故爲正確答案。
C、推斷題型。出題方法一般爲 what can we learn from the passage? What can we infer (draw， indicate， imply) from the passage? 多數答案爲文章中心意思的解釋，少數情況下爲文章某一細節的總結和概括。切記推斷題型必須要體現推斷的.特點，不能照抄原文，即使一模一樣也不是答案，如果是繞着文章某個句子在改寫也不是答案因爲沒有體現總結和推斷的特點，只是隻言片語的羅列，千萬不要選。
And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people， especially young people， get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time。 There is a corollary(直接推論)to that： if a good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest， then where is the place of the truth?
What can we infer from the last paragraph according to the writer?
A。 A good excuse is the same as honesty。
B。 Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas。
C。 Unpleasant truth is better than a good excuse。
D。 Making a good excuse is sometimes a better idea。
如何判斷這一段的重點在哪裏?針對一段文字來出的題型無論怎麼問，對錯，總結，推斷，舉例證明什麼目的，推出什麼結論，所有的題的答案都是這一段中心句的解釋。這段文字重點句是最後一句，因爲那裏有一個漢語翻譯：直接推論，明顯是個結論，所以是重點，答案就在這一句中，而且要格外注意最後的疑問句then where is the place of the truth?
中國人做的答案都很短，有強烈的總結性和概括性，不照抄原文。大意爲：如果一個藉口足夠好即使它不是真實的，那麼真理將擺在哪裏呢?答案爲C。
