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elect, select, choose
elect 只能用於選舉人，是投票選舉的正式用語。
They elected Nixon President. 他們選尼克松爲總統。
choose 可用於挑選人或物。
It's hard for me to choose one from so many pairs of shoes. 要從這麼多雙鞋子當中挑選一雙對我來說真是太難了。
select 意爲精心挑選，多用於物。
She selected a pair of socks to match her suit. 他精心挑選了一雙襪子來與衣服搭配。
be known for, be known as, be known to
be known for 以……出了名 (通常不是指同位的'關係)
be known as 作爲……出了名 (通常加上職業名詞，表同位關係)
be known to 爲……所知
Japan is known for its cars. 日本以它的汽車而聞名。
Luxun is known as a writer. 魯迅作爲作家很出名。
As is known to all, China has four famous invitations. 衆所周知，中國有四大著名的發明。
observe, watch
當“觀察”來講時，observe相當於watch carefully，尤其用於實驗或研究等場合。具體來說，observe含有“察覺到”的意思，watch意爲“盯着看”。
watch 還含有“觀看(比賽、電視)”等，而observe沒有此意。另外，watch還有“照料”之意，相當於take care of。還有“當心”之意，相當於be careful with。
She has observed the stars all her life.
她一生都在觀察星星。
I'll watch the baby while you are away.
你不在時，由我照料你女兒。
You'd better watch Mr Smith, I think he is a thief.
你最好當心史密斯先生，我想他是個賊。
