導語：在美國聖誕節，聖誕節一直以一堆禮物和豪華派對爲特色。不久前，一羣人呼籲市民放棄奢侈的聖誕慶祝活動，度過假期。下面是一篇題爲保衛簡單的聖誕節的英語課文，歡迎大家閱讀。
In the ., Christmas has long been characterized by piles of presents and lavish parties. Not long ago, a group of people urged the public to give up extravagant Christmas celebrations and spend the holiday simply.
In Defense of a Simple Christmas
Bill McKibben
I know what I will be doing on Christmas Eve. My wife, my 4-year-old daughter, my dad, my brother and I will snowshoe out into the woods in the late afternoon, choose a suitable tree and saw it down. I have had my eye on three or four likely candidates all year.
We will bring it home, shake off the snow, decorate it and then head for church, where the Sunday school class I help teach will perform this year's pageant. And then it is home to hang stockings, stoke the fire and go to bed. Our Christmas celebration is as traditional as it gets, except that there is no sprawling pile of presents under the tree.
Several years ago, a few of us in northern New York started a campaign for "$100 holidays." We decided to urge people not to spend more than $100 per family on presents and to rely instead on simple homemade gifts. That first year, I made walking sticks for everyone. Last year, I made spicy chicken sausage. My mother has embraced the idea by making calendars illustrated with snapshots she has taken.
The $100 figure was a way to explain to children why they weren't getting everything on their list. So far, our daughter, Sophie, does fine at Christmas. Her stocking is exciting to her. The tree is exciting. Skating on the pond is exciting. It is worth mentioning, however, that we don't have a television, so she may not understand the degree of her impoverishment.
This holiday idea may sound modest. It is modest. And yet at the same time, it is pretty radical. Christmas, it turns out, is a bulwark of the nation's economy. Many businesses do a third of their volume in the months just before Dec. 25. And so it hits a nerve to question whether we should celebrate the birth of a man who said we should give all that we have to the poor by showering one another with motorized tie racks.
When we began the $100 campaign, merchants writing to the local newspapers made it clear to us what a threatening idea it was. Newspaper columnists thought it was pretty extreme, too. One said that while our message had merit, it would do too much damage to business.
And he was right, or at least not wrong. If we all backed out of Christmas excess, we would sink many a gift shop. If we threw less lavish office parties, caterers would suffer — and florists and liquor wholesalers and so on down the feeding chain. But we have to start somewhere if we are to climb down from the unsustainable heights we have reached, and Christmas might as well be it.
When we began to spread our idea about celebrating Christmas in a new way, we were earnest and sober. Big-time Christmas was an environmental disgrace — all that wrapping paper and all those batteries. The money could be so much better spent: The price of one silk necktie could feed a village for a day. And struggling to create a proper Christmas drives poor families into debt. Here in New York, January finds many people cutting back on heat to pay off their Christmas bills.
Those were all good reasons to scale back. But as we continued our campaign, we found we really weren't interested in changing Christmas because we wanted fewer batteries. We wanted more joy. We felt cheated by the Christmases we were having — so rushed, so busy and so full of hype that we couldn't relax and enjoy the season.
You may be too late for this Christmas. You already may have bought your pile of stuff. In fact, turning the focus of Christmas back to Christ is a long and patient effort. But to judge from our family's holidays in recent years, it is well worth the effort.
New Wordsdefense
n. the act or process of defending 維護，保衛;辯護
snowshoe
vi. 穿雪鞋行走
n. (用於在雪地上行走的)雪 鞋
saw
v. 鋸，鋸開
candidate
n. 候選者;候選人
decorate
v. add sth. to (an object or place), esp. in order to make it more attractive 裝飾
pageant
n. a show or ceremony, usu. out of doors, in which there are people wearing rich dress or in which historical scenes are acted 盛大的慶曲;(露天演出的)歷史劇
stocking
n. 長襪，襪子
stoke
v. stir up and feed fuel to (a fire, etc.) 添加燃料撥旺(爐火)
celebration
n. the act of celebrating 慶祝
sprawl
vi. spread out irregularly over a large area (雜亂無章地)蔓生，蔓延，擴展
campaign
n. a planned set of actions intended to realize a particular goal 運動
urge
vt. try very hard to advise or ask (sb.) to do a particular thing 力勸;敦促
per
prep. for each 每，每一
rely
vi. (on) depend on sb. or sth. 依靠
homemade
a. made at home, locally or at the place bought 自制的
spicy
a. having or producing a pleasantly strong taste and smell 有香(料)味的;辛辣的
sausage
n. 香腸;臘腸
embrace
vt. (fml) accept eagerly [正式]欣然接受
vt. & vi. take and hold (sb. or each other) in the arms (互相)擁抱
calendar
n. 日曆
illustrate
vt. 1. add pictures to (a book, etc.) 給(書等)加插圖
2. make clear by examples (用例子)說明;表明
snapshot
n. an informal photo, usu. taken with a simple camera (簡易照相機拍的)快照
figure
n. 1. an amount, esp. of money (錢等的)數目
2. any of the number signs 數字符號
pond
n. an area of water smaller than a lake 池塘
mention
vt. speak about (sth.) in a few words 提及，談起
impoverishment
n. poverty 貧窮
modest
a. 1. not large in amount, size, value, etc. 適度的，不過分的
2. having a lower opinion of one's own ability than is probably deserved 謙虛的'
radical
a. extreme; thoroughgoing 激進的;徹底的
bulwark
n. any protection against danger, injury, etc. 保障;支柱
economy
n. the system by which a country's wealth is produced through trade, industry, etc. 經濟體制，經濟情況
volume
n. the number or amount of sth. 份量，量;額
nerve
n. 1. 神經
2. courage; determination 勇敢;決心
shower
vt. send or give (sth.) (to sb.) in great numbers 大量地給予
motorized
a. equipped with a motor 機動化的;摩托化的
rack
n. 架子，掛架，擱架
merchant
n. a person who buys and sells goods for profit 商人
threaten
v. express a threat against 威脅
columnist
n. a person who writes a newspaper or magazine column 專欄作家
merit
n. the quality of being good 優點，長處
damage
n. injury or harm to a person or thing 破壞，損害
vt. do damage to 破壞，損害
excess
n. immoderate indulgence, as in eating, drinking, etc. (飲食菸酒等的)無節制，無度
lavish
a. very wasteful in giving or using 非常浪費的
caterer
n. a person or company that provides food for large social events 酒席承辦人
florist
n. a person or company that owns or works in a shop which sells cut lowers and plants 花商;花店工作人員
liquor
n. 酒，含酒精飲料
wholesaler
n. a businessman who sells goods in large quantities and usu. at low prices 批發商
unsustainable
a. unable to be continued in its present form 無法支撐(或維持)的
earnest
a. serious; not joking; sincere 認真的;真誠的
* sober
a. serious; thoughtful 嚴肅的;審慎的
environmental
a. 環境的
disgrace
n. shame or loss of other people's respect; a person or thing that brings shame, dishonor, etc. 丟臉，恥辱;丟臉的人(或事)
wrap
v. cover or enclose within a covering 包裹
battery
n. 電池
necktie
n. (esp. AmE) tie (尤美)領帶;領結
debt
n. money or other things owed to sb. else 欠債，債務
scale
vt. increase or reduce, esp. by a fixed rate (按比例)調節
n. a set of numbers or standards used to measure or compare (測量或比較的)標準;等級
cheat
v. deceive 欺騙
hype
n. 天花亂墜的宣傳
Phrases and Expressions
in defense of
supporting 維護;爲…辯護
shake off
get rid of 抖落;擺脫
rely on
depend on 依靠，依賴
so far
up to the present 到目前爲止
turn out
be found or known to be 結果(是);原來(是);證明(是)
hit/touch a nerve
refer to a subject that causes sb. pain, anger, etc.觸及要害;觸到痛處
do damage to
損害，破壞
back out
with draw 退出，撒手不幹
many a
(fml) many [正式]許多
climb down
1. 往下爬
2. admit that you are wrong 認錯;退讓
might as well
還是…爲好，不妨
drive... into
force (sb.) into a usu. unpleasant condition 迫使，逼使
cut back on
reduce 縮減，削減
pay off
pay (a debt) in full 還清
scale back
reduce (sth.) by a fixed rate 按比例縮減
Proper NamesBill McKibben
比爾·默基本(人名)
Sophie
索菲(女子名)
Christ
基督
