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1. Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.
(A) about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many
(B) of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many
(C) that is about the same size as Great Britain’s land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them
(D) comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many
(E) comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom
答案解析如下：
(A)about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many
【錯誤1】 比較結構：“about the same as”比較的是“Great Britain”和“land area”，並不可比。
【錯誤2】 修飾成分：在GMAT考察的標準書面英語中，“where”用來修飾具體或抽象的方位，但“population”並非是一個方位的概念。
(B)of about the same size as Great Britain is, but in Laos there is a population of only four million, and many
【錯誤1】 比較結構：類似地，見(A)。
【錯誤2】 句子意思：根據日常邏輯，“many”本意指“很多老撾人”，相比(E)用“many of whom”修飾“people”但本選項的並不能明確地表達這個本意。
【錯誤3】 簡潔明瞭：“there be”結構在GMAT考察的標準書面英語中不具有簡潔性。
(C)that is about the same size as Great Britain's land area, but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them
【錯誤1】 句子意思：“but in Laos with a population of only four million people, many of them……”大意爲“但是在有一個400萬人口的老撾中，他們中許多……”，含義遜於(E)中“many of whom……”與“four million people”之間的修飾關係。
【錯誤2】 簡潔明瞭：“that is”、“who is”、“which is”等結構不具有簡潔性。
(D)comparable to the size of Great Britain, but only four million in population, and many
【錯誤】 句子意思：見(B)中【錯誤2】。
(E)comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom
【正確】 “that of Great Britain”中的“that”指代“land area”，因此可與“Laos has a land area”中的“a land area”進行比較。“many of whom”引導的定語從句明確地修飾了“four million people”。
【最優解題思路推薦】
老撾的土地面積應與英國的土地面積比較，因此(D)和(E)比較對象平行可比。
(E)中後半句中“many of whom”和“four million people”的修飾關係，優於(D)中“and many……”的平行結構。因此選擇(E)。
2. To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.
(A) have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
(B) have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
(C) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
(D) would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
(E) would have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
答案解析如下：
(A)have to know a great deal more than now about the social and economic
【錯誤】 比較結構：本選項使用了比較句式，比較句式的本質是兩個平行可比的主謂結構在進行比較，只不過其中之一會發生省略。“demographers have to know a great deal more than now”中“than”的後方連接的是一個省略後僅剩下“now”的主謂結構，由於“than”之前也是一般現在時，所以我們只能認爲，“than”後方被省略的主謂結構還原後應完全繼承前半句“demographers have to know”，即“demographers have to know a great deal more than(they have to know)now”，意思是“人口學家不得不知道(一般現在時)比他們現在不得不知道的更多”，表意明顯不合理。相比之下，(E)中的“they do”則是“they know”
省略後的結果，表意爲“人口學家將不得不(“would”是虛擬語氣，表示實際無法實現)比他們現在知道的更多”。
(B)have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
【錯誤】 句子意思：“economical”意思是“節約的”而非“經濟上的”。
(C)would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economical
【錯誤】 句子意思：見(B)。
(D)would have to know a great deal more than they do now about the social and economic
【正確】 “would have to know a great deal more”表明“To develop more accurate population forecasts”當前條件下實際上是不可能的，虛擬語氣使用合理。
【大意】 要進行更加準確的人口預測的話，人口學家將不得不比現在還要更多地瞭解生育的社會經濟決定因素。
