閱讀理解是考研英語中最重要的部分,因爲其難度之大,分值之高,讓大部分考生苦惱。下面整理了考研英語閱讀例證題解答方法,希望對大家有所幫助!
一、判斷題型
通過對考研英語閱讀文章題乾的觀察分類例證題題幹特點如下,當題幹中出現example,demonstrate,illustrate,case,story等詞即可判斷該題幹爲例證題,見歷年真題題幹如下:
1. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to____. (2008 text3)
2. George Washington's dental surgery in mentioned to____. (2008 text 4)
3. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. (2007 text 1)
4. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce____. (2007 text 4)
二、方法
通過對歷年真題的分析,例證題的考察主要考察的是論點論據的區分,即找出例子論證的論點。例證題可細分爲兩種類型:例子在文首、例子在文中。例子在文首時,多爲了引出文章主題,主題通常緊隨例子後面;例子在文中時,多爲剛剛陳述一個觀點,接着舉例論證的情況,所以觀點多數情況緊隨例子前面。
例子在文首見歷年真題題幹如下:
extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that____. (2006 Text 3)
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
例子出現在文章首段,用過去式陳述過去發生在大型肉食動物身上的事情,一段末通過now這個時間指示副詞和文章開頭的arrived之間的對比提出文章主題,Now something similar could be happening in the oceans。正確答案爲最後首段末句的同義替換,C。
2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. (2007 text 1)
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
一段通過一個現象的敘述,引出二段首的觀點,此篇文章,主旨句特點比較明顯,爲二段首的.問句,問題的答案即爲主旨,what might account for this strange phenomenon?首段中的問句及二段首的問句就是文章的主旨,另見2001text4,2002text3。2005年第二篇及2007年第二篇首段連續出現多個並列問句的情況不是文章主旨。
三、錯誤選項特點
通過對真題的分析,例證題錯誤選項的特徵多爲就事論事,混淆論點論據。見真題如下:
1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____. (2006 Text 3)
[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment(文中一段例子中的細節,不可概括主題)
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared(文中一段例子中的細節,不可概括主題)
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones(與文中一段三句相矛盾,屬於一段例子中的細節上的反向干擾。)
綜合分析其它三個干擾選項特徵其實一句話概括,即題幹問爲什麼舉例,而干擾選項在說這個例子本身——就事論事,混淆論點論據。
2. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to____. (2007 text 1)
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
(球員出生現象不能夠直接強調職業訓練的重要性,此處通過球員出生的例子在沒有論證的情況下,還不能得出結論,即天才是後天造就的,文章的論證是下面的邏輯順序:球員出生現象的引子——原因的猜測:某些星相學玄學原因?——接着通過埃裏克森的實驗得出結論:天才是後天造就。該選項跳躍性太強,出現了邏輯斷層。)
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.
(例證爲了引出主題:二段首,卓越的原因,而不是討論球員本身,選項B非作者意圖。)
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
(文章中說的是球員,不是球隊,屬於一段例子中的細節上的偷換概念。)
通過對干擾選項的觀察,B、D兩個干擾項的特點都是就事論事,討論例子本身,非作者意圖,沒有分清論點論據。