一. 上升增長
1.…add up to… 增加了eg. The total amount of … added up to 14 billion pounds(14%) in 1994.
2. to jump to / to soar to…… 一躍達到/ 猛增到…
eg. The total working days lost soared to 10 million in 1979.
3.…an increase of about…percent as compared with…… 與…相比大約增加了…
eg. In August as many as 39 car accidents were reported, indicating an increase of about 79% as compared with the number of January.
4.…to experience an increase/incline …有了增長
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing an incline.
二. 下降，減少
1.…to sink/drop/reduce to… 減少到…
eg. The rate of strikes sank/dropped to the lowest point in 1979.
2.…to experience a decrease/decline …有了減少
eg. Tobacco consumption is experiencing a decrease. 注意：
修飾上升/減少的副詞有：
rapidly slowly dramatically respectively 表達上升/減少的最後狀態的詞有：
the highest peak the lowest point 10 million 10%
三. 起伏
1.…to go up and down …起伏不定
eg. The strike rate went up and down during the period from 1952 to 1967.
e be ups and downs …有起有伏
eg. Between 1972 and 1979, there were several ups and downs in (某方面).
四. 穩定
1.…to remain steady/level/unchanged …保持穩定，幾乎不變
eg. The rate of …remained steady (fairly level/almost unchanged) during the four years from 1963 to 1967.
2.…to level off (vi.)
eg. After a steady decline for a whole decade, the …rate shows signs of leveling off.
注意：
修飾起伏或穩定狀態的副詞有：
almost fairly 可以用於表達起伏，穩定狀態的句子中的詞組或句型：
the general situation was not worsening
show indications of improvement
it can be predicted that…
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,and it can be predicted that the general situation was not worsening.
eg. The rate of …remained steady during the four years from 1963 to 1967,showing signs of improvement in …
五. 成正比，反比
1.…be in direct /inverse ratio to/with 與…成正比/反比
eg. Male illustrations are in direct ratio to /with the advancement of grades, while female illustrations are in inverse ratio.
六. 佔百分之幾，幾分之幾
1… form/comprise/make up/constitute …ent …佔百分之…
eg. Women comprise more than 50% of the U.S. population.
eg. Females make up only 24% of the illustrations whereas males constitute 76%.
2.…to form/comprise/constitute a half/third/fourth of……佔…的`1/2,1/3,1/4
eg. Female illustrions form less than a fourth of the total.
3.…account for…percent 佔百分之幾
eg. ……, accounting for approximately 20 percent of…
七. 倍數
1.A be …times as much/many as B
eg. The annual rainfall of Hunan is 5 times as much as that of Sichuan.
2.A doubles/is half/triples B A是B的兩倍，一半，三倍
eg. The annual rainfall of Jidda doubles that of Janta, but is only half the amount of rain Kuwait receives each year.
附一 圓盤比例型圖表 例： 一個圓盤顯示了大學生在food, books, transportations, entertainment, clothes, unknown中的開銷，它們各自佔的比例依次是60%,3%,5%,10%,10%,12%，要求你描敘這個圓盤圖。
描述:
The above pie chart consists of 6 segments, the largest one representing food, which accounts for 60% of the total. Clothes and entertainment each takes up 10%. 5% goes to transportation and 3% books. All the rest expenses, 12% of all ,is spend on unknown items.
總結寫作模式：
…pie chart consists of…segments, the largest one representing…,which accounts for …of the total.…each takes up….…goes to… the rest…, …of all,……. .
八.原因結果
1….(結果)…, owing to (原因) [owing to 爲分詞結構]
2….(結果)…, attributable to(原因) [attributable to爲形容詞短語]
3….(結果) lie in the fact that(原因) [ 同位語從句 ]
4….(結果)result from(原因) [句型一般]
5. It is precisely because (原因)…that (導致結果)… [強調結構]
6. …, as a result, …(導致結果)… [as a result做插入語]
7. (原因)be responsible for(結果) [常見句型]
8. (原因)，which in turn(結果)
eg. They give rise to unfair competition, which in turn throws original businesses into a commercial panic.
九.採取措施，提出建議
1. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally,… [常見句型]
2. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果讓這種情況繼續發展下去，那麼……。
到那個時候，……。[比較好的句型]
3. More and more people are realizing the importance of…[進行時態， more and more比many好]
4. Great efforts/More measures/Due attention must be taken/paid to do …[ 被動語態，due attention 和be paid to 搭配]
5. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果(我們怎麼怎麼做)，那將沒有比這令我更高興的了。[條件句，反問句]
6. It is important/necessary/urgent/desirable(希望)/advisable(明智) for sb. to do sth. [It is …for …to do…句型]
7. enhance the awareness of people that…
8. The first nut for us to crack is… 我們首先要解決的是……。 [比The first thing we should do is … 句型 高級的多，精彩的多，生動的多]
9. ……as soon as possible [常見句型]
10. sth. be of the utmost importance [ be of n. 結構， 比sth. be much important好]
十.方式，比較
1. (Just) as …, so… 正如… [ 比較句型 ]
eg. Just as water is the most important of liquids, so air is the most important of gases.
2. in much the same way/manner that… 正如…, 和…一樣
eg. The Americans spend Christmas Day in much the same way that the Europeans do.
十一.讓步
1. now that …… 既然…… [讓步從句]
eg. Now that the decision has been made, we must try our best to carry it out.
2. unless…not… [ 讓步從句]
eg. It is a vicious cycle and unless you consider these social, economic and environmental problems in one context, you are not serious about meeting the challenges. [注意例句中的consider sth. in one context句型:把什麼事情放在一起加以綜合考慮]
十二.強調句
1. only [既是強調句,又是倒裝句]
eg. Only in this way can you hope to improve the present situation.
2. It is …that…
eg. It is because he was too careless that he failed in the exam.
3. nothing but 只不過;只有…
eg. If what we have been striving for is nothing but pleasure-seeking, our nation will be deprived of the right to rise.(這裏nothing but 可以去掉,不影響句意,但有了nothing but,就強調了後面的名詞)
