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寫作：
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Parasites of Big Cities. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1)現在大城市裏有很多“城市寄生蟲”，他們以乞討爲生
2)這種現象帶來的影響
3)如何解決這一問題
【思路點撥】
本題屬於提綱式文字命題。提綱第1點要求指出一種不良現象，提綱第2點要求分析該現象帶來的影響，提綱第3點要求說明如何解決該問題，由此可判斷本文應爲問題解決型作文。
根據所給提綱，本文應包含以下內容：描述大城市中的“城市寄生蟲”現象;分析“城市寄生蟲”現象帶來的影響;說明應該如何纔能有效地減少這種“城市寄生蟲”。
【參考範文】
Parasites of Big Cities
Nowadays there are many beggars in big cities, who are called “parasites of big cities”. Some are begging something to eat for survival, while most of them are professional beggars according to the survey. In addition to plain beggars in rags, there are many disabled beggars and begging families with the children as the leading character. Besides, in recent years, student beggars have appeared.
No doubt, these “parasites of big cities” have brought great bad effects. On the one hand, their asking a reward without labor is a burden on the society and influences the city image. On the other hand, many pretended beggars cheat people’s sympathy by fake stories and experiences, which is very harmful to society.
Considering the bad effects of “parasites of big cities”, it is high time for us to take effective measures to solve the problem. Firstly, the government should pay more attention to these beggars and resettle them in a reasonable way. Secondly, education and training should be given to these beggars to help them learn how to support themselves. Besides, people should be more cautious in providing helps to the beggars and leave no chance to those cheaters.
閱讀理解
The home service industry in Beijing is expected to become more attractive both as a job and as an industry.
Sources at the Beijing People's Political Consultative Conference said resistance to home service work is melting away from minds of the city's laid-off workers. The Conference suggested the establishment of municipal centers which supervise property management, household mending and installation, and house keeping services. Modern city life is creating a need for industrialization home services. This will create job opportunities for laid-off workers, said Vice director of the Social Judicial Committee of the Conference.
Beijing residents have long desired a home service industry. The demand is expected to drive new economic growth. There are few high quality home help services in Beijing and customers are always complaining.
In the past, few laid-off workers in Beijing desired to work as home helpers, jobs largely taken by young women from the countryside. At the same time, some city residents have not felt safe trusting rural girls with modern household machines or with their small children. Many people would pay more for reliable house keepers who are more familiar with city life, but they have had no way of getting one, even though the city is home to thousands of laid-off workers.
By the end of June this year, there were 30,600 jobless workers in the city. Most of them are women in their 40's, who are not blessed with particular skills and who have had their work ethics shaped by the planned economy. Many of them were at a loss when they first realized they had lost their jobs and a way of life they had got used to for decades.
They never imagined being laid-off by state-owned enterprises; they never considered other kinds of employment. For them, the private sector meant taking risks; housekeeping implied lower social status. Gao yunfang, 44, is a pioneer who is breaking the ice. She sells the Beijing Morning Post in the morning, and works at two households in the afternoon. She earns 1,000 yuan per month. So she no longer worries about her daughter's tuition at a university in Shanghai.
57. What is talked about in the passage?
A) Home service. B) Modern city life. C) Laid-off worker. D) Social status.
58. What does the word "laid-off' in the passage mean?
A) Heavily-burdened. B) Old. C) Inexperienced. D) Jobless.
59. Why were many laid-off workers at a loss?
A) Because they didn't get used to the new way of life. B) Because they are too old to find a new job.
C) Because they dislike being laid off. D) Because they think they lost their social status.
60. Why didn't the laid-off workers like to do home services in the past?
A) Low salary. B) Lower social status. C) Dirty working condition. D) Too much extra work.
61. In which ways is home service industry good for our society?
A) It meets the needs of modern life. B) It provides work opportunities for the laid-off worker.
C) It is a new industry. D) A and B.
答案ADABD
Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.
Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones; in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements.
Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual. For example, it comes more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.
1. The passage is mainly discussing ________.
a. the necessity of social change
b. certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur
c. two different societies
d. certain factors that promote social change
2. ________ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change.
a. Joint interest
b. Different points of view
c. Less emotional people
d. Advanced technology
3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
a. Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society.
b. Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down social change.
c. Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society.
d. Social change is less likely to occur in what people learned when they were young.
4. The expression "greater tolerance"(paragraph 1) refers to ________.
a."greater willingness to accept social change"
b."quicker adaptation to changing circumstances"
c."more respect for different beliefs and behavior"
d."geeater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas"
5. Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because ________.
a. people there have got so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change
b. people there have identical needs that can be satisfied without much difficulty
c. people there are easy to please
d. people there are less disputed
