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一、轉折性詞彙：課堂上強調了很多的涵義發生180度轉彎的BUT轉折題，要學會聽BUT，除此之外還有well, yet, however, though, whereas, unfortunately, unexpectedly, instead, rather than, other than, to be frank, frankly speaking, to tell you the truth, etc。
二、因果類詞彙：表原因的because, because of, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, now that, according to;表結果的therefore, so, as a result, consequently, eventually。
三、遞進類詞彙：表遞進的apart from, in addition, furthermore, what’s more, moreover, etc。
四、最高級詞彙：形容詞和副詞的最高級永遠是最需要關注的，most importantly, the most biggest of。
五、事實羅列詞彙：在這些詞彙後就是關鍵和重要的事實性息，actually, in fact, as a matter of fact, etc。
六、序數詞後面，最重要的是the first, firstly and finally。
七、情態動詞：sb. has got to, can, could, may, might, need, should, ought to, etc。
八、重要形容詞：表示重要的詞，important, crucial, chief, major, significant, the only, unique, essential, necessary, vital, etc。
【拓展閱讀】英語六級翻譯模擬題：文明古國
原文
中國是世界上最古老的文明之一，有着悠久的'歷史和燦爛的文化。中國在夏朝時開始進入了文明時代，創造了輝煌的科技和文化。指南針、火藥、造紙術、印刷術是中國古代的四大發明，對世界文明和人類的進步做出了極大的貢獻。中國的絲綢之路(the Silk Road)—世界上最古老的貿易通道—極大地促進了東西方文化的交流。長城、京杭大運河(grand canal)被譽爲世界工程奇蹟。此外，中國有着豐富多彩的傳統文化和民間藝術，例如京劇、剪紙、風箏、刺繡(embroidery)、皮影戲(shadow play)等。
參考譯文
As one of the oldest civilizations of the world, China has a long history and brilliant culture. After entering the era of civilization in the Xia Dynasty, China created glorious science and culture. The compass, gunpowder, paper-making and printing are considered to be the four great inventions of ancient China, which have contributed immensely to the civilization of the world and the progress of mankind. The Silk Road of China, the oldest trade route in the world, largely promoted the cultural exchange between the East and the West. The Great Wall and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal are honored as the engineering wonders in the world. Besides, China has colorful traditional culture and folk arts such as Beijing Opera, paper-cutting, kite, embroidery and shadow play.
解析
1.第一個句子的主語是“中國”，後面跟着兩個並列的謂語“是”和“有着”，翻譯時可將“中國有着悠久的歷史…”譯爲主句，將“是…之一”譯爲“as+名詞短語”結構，即as one of the...，放在句首。
2.第二句的主幹可理解爲“中國創造了…”;將“中國在夏朝時開始進入了文明時代”作爲時間狀語處理，採用“after+動名詞”結構來表達，譯爲After entering the era of civilization in the Xia Dynasty。
3.翻譯“指南針、火藥、造紙術、印刷術是…”這句話時，可使用which引導的非限制性定語從句來說明四大發明的貢獻。
4.翻譯“長城、京杭大運河被譽爲世界工程奇蹟”時需使用被動語態，“被譽爲…”可譯作be honored as..., be praised as...,be known as...。
