英語四級閱讀選詞填空
The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.
While elderly people __1__ to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) __2__ effect on their brain's performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.
Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理醫生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping __3__ straight through the night.
More sleep in old age, however, is __4__ with better health, and most older people would feel better and more __5__ if they slept for longer periods, he said.
"The ability to sleep in one chunk (整塊時間) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to __6__ well does not change," Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.
"It's __7__ a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were __8__. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from __9__ to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. That's __10__ from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75."
[A] alert
[B] associated
[C] attracting
[D] cling
[E] continuing
[F] definitely
[G] different
[H] efficiently
[I] formally
[J] function
[K] mixed
[L] negative
[M] sufficient
[N] tend
[O] younger
答案解析：
文章大意：本文主要講述的是關於老年人睡眠的問題：是否老年人與年輕人相比只需要較少的睡眠時間?
1. N tend tend to 固定搭配;表示"傾向於;"符合句意;
2. L negative 空格後是effect， 前面是a(n)， 由此可見，該處需要填入一個形容詞;題目給出的形容詞有negative, sufficient, younger;根據前後語意，填入negative最爲恰當，表示"少的睡眠時間對大腦的活動有負面的影響。"
3. H efficiently 根據推測，該處應該填入一個副詞，題目給出的副詞有efficiently, definitely, formally;前面提到，老年人在睡覺的時候更容易被打斷，而後面用while提出一個對比的概念，年輕人相比起來能獲得更_______ 的睡眠;綜合起來，選用efficiently(最有效率的)最爲準確。
4. B associated be associated with 固定搭配;表示"與…聯繫在一起";本句話表示"更多的睡眠通常都與健康度聯繫在一起";
5. A alert 先看整句話的含義，"如果他們能睡更長的時間，他們的感覺應該會更好以及…"那麼，該處應該填入一個褒義詞，選擇alert比較恰當，表示"更加警覺，機靈";
6. J function 根據判斷，此處應該填入一個動詞，剩下的動詞有cling, function;整句話的意思是"當我們上了年紀的時候，我們一覺睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我們需要…的睡眠量並沒有改變;"空格後的單詞是 well， cling 在這裏並不合適，一般與to連用;選用function 最爲適合;
7. F definitely 作者在首段已經提出這個觀點是一個myth，那麼顯而易見最後一段中出現的myth是作爲一種強調手段，應填入definitely;
8. O younger 空格的前面是 when they were…， "當他們年輕的時候";應填入younger;
9. E continuing 本句的意思是"我們的數據顯示老年人將從…獲益;"空格的後面是"得到和他們在三十多歲的時候能得到的睡眠一樣多";根據上下文意思，該處應填入"continuing";
10. G different different from 固定搭配;表示"和…不同"。
英語四級閱讀段落匹配
The Art of Friendship
A) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted. I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.
B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, I realized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.
C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.
D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."
E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.
F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother of two in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.
G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.
H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.
I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend. In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.
J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.
46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.
47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.
48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.
49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.
50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.
51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.
52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.
53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities
54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.
55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.
Section B
交友之道
A)數年前的一天晚上，我發現自己陷入了焦慮中。事實上，一切事情祁如常，我和家人都很健康;我工作忙碌，事業有成。我只是隱隱約約感到情緒很低落，急需一個朋友能給我打打氣，跟我喝杯咖啡，聽我盡情發泄直到煙消雲散。我最好的朋友住在加州—這個國家的另一端。我撥通了她的電話，卻聽到要求留言的錄音。陰影從此開始籠罩着我，孤獨是我沮喪的根源。我的社交生活已經減少到幾乎沒有，但不知何故，直到那一該，我才注意到這一點。現在，這種感覺卻狠雛地撞擊着我。戈的那些老朋友們，從大學甚至孩提時代就已深交的密友，對我瞭如指掌，但他們一離開，也把我生活的環境一併帶走了。
B)研究表明，缺少社交生活對人的健康會產生長期的消極後果。還好，我妁焦慮期持續時間相當短暫。l521在那時我需要被理解，是隻有女性朋友才能理解的那種方式。我知道期望我的丈夫取代噴油的想法是 錯誤的：他不能，即使他能，我又和誰傾訴我對丈夫的抱怨呢?於是，我下定決心要結交新朋友，目標是像我一樣——有孩子而且關注這個世界的婦女。因爲我這樣交友的目的性更明確，我逐漸意識到，我是可以進行選擇的，我實際上是可以設計我的社交生活的。當然它的消極一面就是我感到非常害怕。
C)畢竟，在中年時期交友要比年輕時困難得多一——這是個客觀存在的顯示，與我聊過的女性曾不止一次地指出這一點。41歲的Leslie Danzi9是芝加哥的一位戲劇導演，也是一位母親，1461她的看法是，在十幾歲、二十幾歲的時候，除了有特殊理由不能成爲朋友的情況，人差不多可以跟所有人成爲朋友。 你的大學室友，至少餘因爲走得比較近而成爲你最好的朋友。一現在，我們則需要理由才能成爲朋友。Danzi9說，“有很多人，我跟他們在一起的時候很舒服，但我不會因此稱他們爲朋友。舒適度還不足以維持真正的友誼。”
D)一開始的時候，尋找新的夥伴的確讓入有點尷尬。四十歲了，我無法像我四歲的女兒那樣在操場上碰到人就問：“能跟我做朋友嗎?”。【49】 每次建立一羣新關係，你就會又變得脆弱了，”，KathleenHall，教牧學博士，亞特蘭大壓力研究所的創始人兼首席執行官，贊同這一看法。她說： “你是在問：‘你願意參與到我的生活中嗎?’這使我們侷促不安。”
E)幸運的是，我的不適感很快就過去了。我意識到，作爲一個尋找朋友的成年人，我變得脆弱的風險其實是非常低的。如果有人不願意接受我的請求，那又如何呢?我不再是個國中生，那時我可能會因爲穿不搭調的衣服或者髮型不好看而被拒絕。【54】到了我這個年紀。我已經方足夠的自信，我以爲我有足夠吸引對方的東西。
F)事實上，我們都很忙，以至於共同的興趣，譬如，我們爲之忙碌的項目、課程或事業，就成爲把我們與建立夥伴關係的候選人聯繫在一起的理想的催化劑。35歲的MichelleMertes是盛斯康辛州沃索地區一名教師及兩個孩子的母親，她說在教會結交的新朋友對她來說是一份驚喜。【53】 Mertes說，上中學對，我是根據他們的受歡迎程度以及成爲她們圈子的一員可能對或盧生的影響來選擇朋友的。現在，共同的價值觀和參加的勞動則成爲我選擇朋友的'關鍵因素。二她與一起組織教會的青年項目的好朋友，雖然性格不同，但她們的幹勁和組織能力使她們成爲彼此的理想好友。
G)令人高興的是，儘管結交新朋友是一件尷尬的事情，但自尊問題不是結交朋友需要考慮的因素—～否則，如果將自尊問題作爲結交朋友的考慮因素，你也能很容易地洞察這一點。Danzig講述了她兒子所在的幼兒園的一個孩子的母親的故事。那位女士身材高大，美麗動八，嫁給了一位有名的搖滾音樂家。 “我曾跟我的丈夫說，‘對我來說她太酷了，”她開玩笑道。“周圍的人都告誡我要警惕。但是，當我跟她混熟了，才發現她原來是個非常悠閒而友好的人。”最終，她們之間因爲沒有“化學反應”，沒能成爲好朋友。“我意識到，我們不是同一類人，但這跟社會地位沒有關係。”【50】現在看來：中年友誼似乎能反應你所屬的類型(或正在成爲的類型)，從而加強你在生活中取得的進展。
H)41歲的Harlene Katzman是紐約市的一名律師，她認爲，在她無法確定自已是否變樣的時候，最老的朋友知道她原來的樣子。她依然非常愛她們，她相信她們有時對問題的反應能夠反映出她曾經的樣子，擁有老朋友對你而言大有益處。【55】而跟新交的朋友在一起：紜可以翻開新的一頁。
I)【47】新朋友，如果選擇對了的話， 還可以幫助找到航行的方向。39歲的Hanna Dershowitz是洛杉磯的一名律師，也是一位母親。她發現，她在工作中新結交的一個人， Julia，正是她需要的好友。除了喜歡和尊重Julia，Dershowitz有一種感覺，這個健康且從事運動事業的年輕女性能幫助她保持身材。
J)當你忙着結交新朋友時，請記住，你仍需要與老朋友們培養感情。我們請Maria Paul，《友誼的危機：當你不再是孩童時，如何尋找朋友、結交朋友與保持友情》的作者，告訴我們維持這些重要關係的最佳途徑。保持聯繫。朋友至上。無論你有多忙，都要抽空定期與朋友吃頓飯或者喝杯咖啡閒聊。瞭解她的事業。知道朋友生活中經歷的重要事件，並適時表示你的支持，打電話或者發郵件讓她知道你時刻都在想着她。坦誠相待。如果朋友確實做了讓你懊惱的事情，一定要(委婉地)告訴她。如果你不能完全坦誠的話，就需要重新審視這段關係。包容她的缺點。人無完人，因此不要糾結於她的怪癖～她經常遲到或者她有一點消極——以減少挫折和鬥爭。滿足她的自尊。真心的讚美使人感覺良好，所以要告訴她，你多喜歡她的新毛衣，她做了多麼偉大的工作。
ie Danzig thought making friends at one’S middle age needed some ieDanzig認爲在中年交朋友需要一些理由。
【解析】C)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞Leslie Danzi9和making friends al one’S middle age可定位至Cl段。該段中Danzi9說在十幾、二十幾歲的時候，基本上可以和所有人交朋友，但現在需要充分的理由才能交到朋友，舒適度不足以維持真正的友誼。可見她認爲中年交友需要。一些理由。
47.A well—chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.選擇得當的新朋友能幫你朝着你嚮往的方向前進。
【解析】I)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞a well—chosen new friend和：he direction that you like可定位至I)段。該段首句指出：新朋友，如果選擇對了的話，還可以幫助你找到航行的方向。
48.A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.
數年前，作者給遠在他鄉的最好的朋友打電話，作者當時很需要她卻沒人接，因此感到很孤獨沮喪。
【解析】A)。歸納題。根據句子關鍵詞a few years a90和phoned her best friend可定位在A)段。句子是對整段的概括總結。
rding to Kathleen Hall，one might feel sensitive in the first course ofmaking new friends.
KathleenHall覺得人們在剛開始結交新朋友的過程中會變得敏感，
【解析】 D)。細節題。由句子中的Kathleen Hall定位至D)段。該段最後一句提到，Kathleen Hall認爲每次建立一種新關係，人就會變得脆弱、敏感。
ife friendship can help you realize your direction oflife and reinforze the progress yOU’ve made in your life.
中年友誼可以幫你認清生活前進的方向和鞏固進步。
【解析】 G)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞midlife friendship和reinforce the progress可定位至G)段末句。現在看來，中年友誼似乎能反映出你所屬的類型(或正在成爲的類型)，從而加強你在生活中取得的進展。5 Maria Paul’S book，to be a better friend，you should keep track with yourfriends，care for your friend’s job，ex—press yourself,accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and a Paul的書中寫到，要成爲更好的朋友，你應該和朋友保持聯繫，關心朋友的工作，表達自己的思想，包容朋友的缺點，讚揚朋友。
【解析】J)。歸納題。根據句子中的MariaPaul’Sbook可定位至文章末段。該段列舉如何鞏固和朋友的關係。句子是對整段的概括總結。
the author,a girl friend might be the fight person to understand her and erase her negative feelin9.
對作者來說，她需要一位女性朋友理解和化解自己的負面感受。
【解析】 B)。細節題。由句子中的the right person和understand等字眼定位至B)段。作者提到只有女性的朋友才能理解她的感受。
rding to Michelle Mertes，midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities
Michelle Mertes認爲中年友誼的基石是共同的價值觀和參與的活動。
【解析】 F)。細節題。由句子中的MichelleMertes可定位至F)段。Mertes說：上中學時，我是根據她們的受歡迎程度以及成爲她們圈子的一員可能對我產生的影響來選擇朋友的。現在，共同的價值觀和參加的活動則成爲我選擇朋友的關鍵因素。
a mature friend seeker,the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejecfion with grace.
作爲一名成熟的交友者，作者發現自己有足夠的自信發出邀請和坦然接受拒絕。
【解析】 E)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞a mature friend seeker和offe“'ejection可定位至E)段。該段中作者指出自己已經成熟，能坦然接受對方的拒絕，也保有自信，相信自己有魅力。
newly made friends，you Can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.
和新朋友一起，你有機會呈現新面貌。
【解析】 H)。細節題。根據句子關鍵詞takeon anewlook可定位至E段末句。而跟新交的朋友在一起，你可以翻開新的一頁。Take on anewlook和takeoveranewleaf是同類表述。
英語四級仔細閱讀一
In many traditional societies a woman's role is restricted to that of mother (for the continuation of the race) , and she is confined to family and household activities, including help out in the field and market. In some ethnic(種族的) communities in Indonesia, even today, women are supposed to do the hard labor in the rice fields, while men take it easy in their coffee shops.
When I visited the island of Timor in eastern Indonesia in 1987, I was told by friends that in the interior of the islands, where roads are still non-existent,villagers traveled to market either on foot or on horseback. It was a common sight to see the husband riding a horse, with his wife walking behind him carrying a heavy bundle of produce on her head to the market. On the island of Alor, also in eastern Indonesia, I met an old man aged about 80 years, proudly boasting to me that he had nine wives. "But you are a Catholic," I said to him. "How could you have nine wives?" He smiled, and said: "I married only once in church, but the other eight wives I married according to our traditional laws. " In many ethnic communities in Indonesia the good woman or wife is one who obey her husband, who does not go around gossiping, who cleans her home and cooks good food for the family, who is diligent in the field, who does not visit friends too much, and who gives birth of lots of children, especially boys.
In Indonesia many years ago the wives of government workers or members of the armed forces were organized into women's organizations. The leadership of these women's organizations was set up according to the hierarchical positions of the members' husbands. For example, the organization of women of personnel of a government ministry would automatically have as its chairperson the wife of the minister at the national level, and the chairperson of the provincial organization would be the wife of the governor, and so on to the lower administrative levels. It is amazing how a woman who may have an interest in being a leader nevertheless automatically becomes a chairperson because of the official position of her husband. When the husband is no longer minister or governor, she also automatically loses her position. Many of these women have complained to me that they feel this is a straitjacket(約束物) imposed on them, but they feel they have to accept the role for the sake of safeguarding their husbands' careers.
26. In some ethnic districts in Indonesia women should_______.
A. do household activities B. give birth of children
C. do the hard labor in the fields D. all of the above
27. In the 2nd paragraph "roads" means_______.
A. some roads B. high ways
C. country roads D. heavy roads
28. What does the question "How could you have nine wives?" imply?
A. The old man is too old to have nine wives.
B. The old man shouldn't have had nine wives.
C. The old man could marry only once because he is member of the Church of Rome.
D. The old man could have only a wife for he is a Christian.
29. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to Paragraph 3?
A. Women's organizations were set up in the government administrative levels and the armed forces.
B. The head of the women's organization of a province must be the wife of the governor.
C. All the leaders of the woman's organizations enjoyed their roles.
D. The wife of a governor loses her leading position for the sake of her husband. 30. The closest restatement of the last sentence in,the 3rd paragraph is______.
A. many women would hate to be the chairperson without considering their husband's careers
B. many governors' wives complain they have to accept the chairperson roles
C. many women are forced to become the leaders of women's organizations in order to protect their husband's profession
D. many governors' wives feel it necessary to accept the roles
答案：
26. D 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. C
英語四級仔細閱讀二
The future population will be older than today, and this in turn will change the patterns of social demands. However, Mexico will still be far from the "aging societies" that will most likely prevail (佔優勢 ) in the industrialized countries. In less than 25 years, the country will have to add almost as much infrastructure as it has already built up to now, simply to maintain services and production at the current levels. This will be a tremendous challenge, although a similar one was faced successfully in the recent past, when available infrastructure was doubled in two decades or so. It is no wonder that much has been said about the need to reduce or preferably halt Mexico's population control which is taken for granted as both good and necessary. It has also gained supporters in the developing world, and Mexico is no exception. But the arguments about population are complicated, as the following discussion illustrates.
Even if Mexico's population reaches 125 million by the year 2010, its population density is still smaller than the 1985 population density of some 50 countries. By international standards Mexico will still not be overpopulated by the year 2010. If wealth is generated by people, the more individuals there are, the greater the wealth that potentially could be generated. Why should Mexico control its population at density levels below those of the richer countries if more population represents the possibility of generating more wealth?
On the other hand, it is often pointed out that once sustainability(支撐力) limits are near or are reached, there are decreasing productivity gains (or,perhaps more accurately, increasing productive losses) , and people become a cost rather than an asset. If we assume that there are sustainability limits and that we are close to reaching these limits at a world level, then it is appropriate to check population growth.
21. According to the passage, the population argument is focused on_______.
A. whether more people are a property or a cost
B. whether Mexico should control its population growth or not
C. whether the density of population in Mexico is large or small
D. what the standard international sustainability limit is
22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?
A. Mexico has stepped into an aging society.
B. It is not necessary for Mexico to control its population.
C. Mexico population is younger than that of developed countries.
D. It is not necessary for Mexico to develop its infrastructure.
23. By "infrastructure"(Para. 2) the author means_______.
A. buildings
B. the basic framework of a country, such as schools, services, etc.
C. social demands
D. services and production
24. It may be inferred from the 3rd paragraph that_______.
A. it isn't necessary for Mexico to control its population growth
B. population is likely to grow at a slower pace than in the past
C. the more people there are, the greater the wealth people could generate
D. Mexico should control its population growth because she belongs to the developing countries
25. To check population growth is necessary when_______.
A. there are decreasing productivity gains
B. there are increasing productivity losses
C. we are close to reaching the sustainability limits at a world level
D. people become a cost
答案：
21. B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. C
