英語聽力考試答題技巧

一. 應試的三個步驟

英語聽力考試答題技巧

英國聽力教學法專家Mary Underwood根據聽力理論和記憶的心理規律設計了聽的三個步驟,即“聽前”(pre-listening)、“聽時”(while-listening)和“聽後”(post-listening)。這三個步驟概括了聽力理解全部過程的思維活動,它們不僅適用於平時的聽力訓練,也適用於應試聽力的全過程。聽力理解方法和技巧實際上就是這三個步驟的具體實施。

 (一) 聽前(pre-listening)

聽力考試前必須穩定情緒,做好聽音的準備工作。在放音之前,抓緊時間速讀書面選擇項,對可能設計的內容作出粗略的猜測和推斷,同時也需進行聯想,即可能會出現的內容與自己具有的相關知識聯繫起來,思想介入到要聽的內容中去。如若選擇項中出現不同的人名、地名、數字、時間或年代以及不同的動詞時,必須做好強記的準備。

 (二) 聽時(while-listening)

聽音時思想要集中,但情緒不可過度緊張。在聽音中要利用預測時得到的潛在信息把握聽音的重點,也可利用符號、圖示等方法迅速記錄要點以促進有效記憶。在聽音過程中,必須眼耳並用,也就是一邊用耳聽,一邊用眼瀏覽選擇項進行分析和歸納,做到聽與瀏覽相結合、聽與思考及記憶相結合。這一過程必須在短暫的時間內完成。

(三) 聽後(post-listening)

聽完錄音後要迅速意念和整理所聽懂的內容,並根據書面問題選擇或檢驗答案。要嚴格控制答題時間,正確答案與聽力原文之間的統一性是解題的基本方法。考生要善於根據提問的形式,採用不同的.解題方法。

 二.力題型分析

  1 問題類型

A. What...?

1)問“是什麼、要什麼、討論什麼、什麼種類”等,如:

What is the man’s answer?

What does the woman want for lunch?

What are they talking about?

What kind of books does the man want to borrow?

2)問“做什麼”,如:

What does the woman tell the man to do first?

What are the speakers doing now?

What will happen if John fails the exam?

3)問“什麼含義”,如:

What does the man mean(imply)?

What does the woman's answer suggest?

4)問“從對話中能獲得什麼信息或結論”,如:

What can we learn from the conversation?

What can be concluded from this conversation?

5)問“對某人或某事有什麼看法”,如:

What does the man think of Miss Brown?

What does the woman think of the plan?

B. Where...?

Where does this conversation most probably take place?

Where does this conversation most likely occur?

Where are the man and the woman?

C. When...?

When did the game finally start?

When will he be paid?

When will the winter vacation begin?

D. Why...?

Why is the man late?

Why did the man repair the car by himself?

E. Who...?

可能問對話者某一方的身份、對話人之間的關係或對話中涉及到的其他人的情況,如:

W: May I help you , Sir?

M: I hope so. It's my watch. I brought it in to be repaired, but I've lost the receipt.

Q: Who is the man?

F. How...?

1)問做事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具,如:

How did the teacher usually begin his class?

How does the man usually go to work?

2)問“對某事的感受如何”,如:

How does the man feel about the movie?

How do you like the film?

G. How many (much)...?

How many persons...?

How many dozens of ... does ... want?

How much does ...?

How old is ...?

How long does it take ... to...?

2 對話類型

A.時間類:包括直接型和計算型。如:

W: Your library books are due on December 13th. If you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.

M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days.

Q: When must the man return his books to the library?

B. 數字類:包括直接型和計算型。如:

W: Do you live in a college dormitory?

M: Yes, I do. It's a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.

Q: How many people share the suite now?

C. 地點類:包括直接型和含蓄型。如:

M: I need to cash this check?

W: Will you step right over to the teller's window, please?

Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?

D. 否定類。

此類對話既可以含有not, no, neither, nor等否定詞,也有but, although等轉折詞,或由would rather, 結構及虛擬語氣等表達。因此,對於後者要特別加以注意。如:

M: Ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me?

W: I wish I could help you. I went shopping yesterday. Now I have only two dollars till the end of the week.

Q: Will the man borrow any money from the woman?

此題的答案肯定是No。聽這段話時要抓住I wish I could help you.這一關鍵話語。這句話雖然從表面上看是肯定式,但卻隱含着I'm sorry I can’t help you.的意思。

E.人物類:包括人物關係、人物身份兩類。

此類對話提供一個情節,能反映所涉及的人的關係或身份。如:

M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please.

W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please?

Q: What's the relationship between the man and woman?

F.活動類。

這一類談話內容可涉及上課、娛樂、工作、日常生活等各種情況。如:

W: Are you going to New York next weekend?

M: Yes, I'm going to look up Bill while I'm there.

Q: What's the man going to do?

這類對話中往往先後出現幾種情況,要注意聽問句是什麼,然後再作出選擇。

 3 幾種常見的解題方法

這一部分的對話雖然簡短,但多數情況下,往往不能從聽到的內容中找到與選擇項內容完全相同的部分,即對話中一般沒有現成的答案。因此,在聽的時候要注意抓住選擇項的同義或反義詞(組)用辨別法答題(解活動類多用此方法),或根據對話內容採用歸納、推論或辨別的方法回答。用這種方法答題,類型不僅僅限於諸如 “What does the man mean?” 這樣的題目,其它如含蓄人物類、人物身份類、含蓄地點類、否定類題目也與此類似。如:

W: How do you like the play you saw last night?

M: Well, I should have stayed at home.

Q: What does the man think of the play?

A) It is exciting.

B) It is boring.

C) He didn’t see the play.

D) He likes it very much.

對話中 “I should have stayed at home.(我真該待在家裏),這句話已婉轉地表明他不喜歡這齣戲,而對沒有待在家裏表示遺憾,後悔(should have done something這種結構可用來表示“對應該發生而實際上沒有發生的事情表示遺憾、後悔或譴責”)。能使他產生此感想的原因自然是“The play is boring.”(演出令人厭煩),因而B是正確的答案。

聽短文或對話,獲取要求的信息:

該類題型通常是在一個段落中選出五個信息點,要求考生填空。考生在聽懂原文的基礎上,寫下所聽到的單詞或詞組,是目前英語大學聯考的新題型。