enroll to one = combine
complement = supplement = add to
substitute = replace
so far = until present = up to now
rooted in = based on
make their way = travel
vulnerable--open to break-open to attack -- weak --susceptible
perishable 容易腐爛的= easy to spoil
Seething 沸騰的 --- overflowing/excited/active
float = stay on the top
be consistent with = be compatible with
property 財產，特徵 = characteristic = attribute (名詞意爲"特徵，屬性")
simulated ---- artificial
sort --- type -- kind
staggering搖晃的; 猶豫的; 壓倒的(多數) =overwhelming
string線, 繩子; 一行, 一系列 =series
swell -- enlargement --- expand
tract- area - terrain
symmetric 對稱的，均衡的 --- balance
taper 逐漸變小 --- diminish --- 收縮
tenet --- principle/belief
turn = change
vast - immense - extensive
with the ordinary citizen’s pocketbook = affordable
advent = arrival
affair = matter
chronic --- constant - confirmed 慢性的';證實的
consequence = result/importance
counter = oppose
countervail 補償，抵消; 對抗 = compensate/oppose
distinction = differentiation/excellence/honor
distribution = dispersion = dispersal
embed = implant
euphoric = extremely happy
flake = fragment
hinder 阻礙，打擾= interfere with
ladings 船貨= cargos shipment
mandatory = required, obligatory
mundane 世俗的，平凡的= ordinary
prerequisite = something required (something needed to happen)
rather = instead 相反地/ in some degree在tain
sank (sink的過去式)= descended; dropped to the bottom
scant = minimum
sited = located
sophisticated = refined /elaborated /complex
ubiquitous 到處存在的 = common
unanimity = total agreement
spectator = viewer
sporadic = intermittent /irregular
stylus 鐵筆，針狀物 = pen
unconceivable = unimaginable
uniformly = evenly/ without variation/consistently
unique = sole/ distinct
warranted = authorized 授權的/justified
assume=take on 呈現/ suppose, posit 假設
