在英文寫作中,單調的句式、多次重複的用詞往往使文章枯燥乏味，所以就要學會靈活運用英語的一些寫作手法，來增加英語作文的亮點，下面由yjbys小編整理的國中英語作文的寫作手法說明。有興趣的朋友可以閱讀參考一下哦!
【國中英語作文寫作手法】
一、引言
寫作過程是一種綜合能力訓練，它最能反映一個人綜合運用語言的能力，並直接體現寫作者的語言水平。寫好一篇高質量的作文，除了詞句的使用、語法的掌握、語感的培養等，寫作技巧和寫作方法的掌握也起着重要作用。
段落(Paragraph)是構成文章的基本單位，寫出高水平文章要從寫好段落開始。要想寫好段落，可以從段落結構佈局、段落組織與展開、詞句運用等幾個方面着手。
段落既是全文的組成部分，又自成一體，有相對獨立的主題思想。爲了闡明主題思想，段落往往用一個句子概括主題，並置於段首，這就是主題句。段落中的其他句子都圍繞主題句展開，對其進行敘述、說明或論證，這些就是支撐句。在段落結尾處，常需要對段落的主題作進一步說明、強調或總結的句子，這就是結論句。主題句是整個段落的核心，支撐句是整個段落的主體。段落的基本結構是“主題句+支撐句+結論句”。段落寫作首先是主題句、支撐句和結論句的寫作，這是英語段落寫作中的最基本要素。
段落的內容要完整，主題要統一，邏輯要連貫，這是段落的三個基本特徵。段落內容要用細節闡明主題思想，以加強對主題信息的支撐，這就要展開段落。展開段落時要用一定的邏輯次序組織段落的內容，以保證段落的連貫性。
在英文寫作中，單調的句式、多次重複的用詞往往使文章枯燥乏味。爲了體現文章的活力，展現句美、詞美的感覺，靈活多變的句式、貼切的用詞是達到這一目標的寫作手法。
二、主題句、支撐句、結論句的寫作
段落是一組句子的集合。段落必須表達完整的意思：如描寫事物，爭論某件事，駁斥某觀點，對某事提出疑問、提出要求或者給事物下定義。典型的段落由三部分組成：主題句、支撐句和結論句(May, 2009)。以下是一個典型的段落：
[段落示例1]The students in the class come from many different parts of the world.(主題句) Some are from European countries such as France, Spain and Italy. Others are from Middle Eastern countries like Saudi Arabia and Israel. Still other students were born in Asian countries including Japan and Korea. The largest number of students are from Latin American countries like Mexico, Venezuela, and Peru.(支撐句) The class is an interesting mixture of people from many different countries.(結論句)
該段的主題句、支撐句、結論句在文中用下劃線標識。主題句用來闡明段落的主要思想，指出談論的話題是什麼，所有支持主題句的細節和描述都與這一主要思想有關。支撐句用原因或事例等細節對主題句予以解釋和說明，是段落的展開。結論句則可以用不同的措辭再次強調主題思想或回答主題句的隱含問題，有着首尾呼應的作用和畫龍點睛的效果(Driscoll & Brizee)。
1. 主題句的寫作方法
主題句一般居於段首，通常在提供信息或解釋觀點的段落中使用。讀者通過瀏覽主題句就可以瞭解段落的概要。主題句應是合乎語法規則的完整句子，以肯定句爲主，同時需要限制詞對主題加以限定或約束。爲了準確表達觀點，好的主題句需要使用關鍵詞或詞組。主題需要有可寫性，不能太籠統，也不能太具體。例如：
The three causes of the American Financial Crisis.
分析：該句不完整，缺少成分，不合乎語法規則，不能作主題句。
There were three causes that led to the American Financial Crisis.
分析：該句完整，成分齊全，是很好的主題句。
Riding in a bus is more convenient than driving a car for at least three reasons.
分析：這個段落主題要求寫 riding in a bus(topic)，要把 driving a car(aspect)和riding in a bus(aspect)作比較，陳述原因(reasons)。由此可見，作者在aspect(方面)和reason(原因)兩方面來限制主題。
In the story Soldier's Home, Krebs tells his mother he wants no part of God's Kingdom.
分析：這個主題句過於具體，無法展開段落。
In the story Soldier's Home, Krebs is a lonely, cynical veteran.
分析：這個句子可作爲主題句，接下來可以圍繞 lonely和cynical展開段落。
Let me tell you something about overpopulation.
分析：這個句子作爲一個段落的主題句過於籠統。
Why has the world's population been increasing rapidly in the last decades?
分析：這個句子是個很好的主題句，作者從cause和time兩方面限制了主題，能在一個段落內展開論述。
2. 支撐句的寫作方法
段落寫作的第一步是寫主題句，第二步是寫支撐句。例如，針對“陳述你將生活在郊區的理由”這樣的寫作命題，第一步是寫出主題句，如：There are several reasons why I will live in the suburbs next year. 第二步則列舉數個理由展開主題。
[段落示例2]
① There are two main reasons why I have decided to live in the suburbs next year. ②First of all，there is a transportation problem. ③My company will move to the suburbs. Because there are fewer public transportation lines connecting to the suburbs, I have to live near my office. ④Since my car was damaged, and I do not have money to buy a new one to commute to work, it is very inconvenient for me to live in the city. ⑤The second reason is that the suburbs are an amazing place to reside in, ⑥because there are fewer people there and it is quieter and not as crowded. ⑦The air there is not polluted and fresher, which is beneficial to my health.
主題句：two main reasons(句①)
理由1：transportation problem(句②)
● office move(句③)
● no car(句④)
理由2：an amazing place(句⑤)
● fewer people and not crowded(句⑥)
● fresher and cleaner(句⑦)
作者就兩個主要理由用更具體的細節支持主題句。可見，段落的展開依賴於支持主題句的細節。如何展開段落在本文第四部分有詳細論述。
3. 結論句的寫作方法
結論句通常與主題句一樣包含段落中心思想，然而所用措辭和表達方式與主題句不同。
在段落示例1中，主題句是：The students in the class come from many different parts of the world. 結論句是：The class is an interesting mixture of people from many different countries. 主題句和結論句在關鍵措辭和表達方式上進行了轉換，但表達的實質意思是一樣的。
在寫結論句時，首先要把握主題句的關鍵詞。例如，在段落示例1中，中心思想是the students come from different parts of the world，關鍵詞是students、different parts、world。其次要總結細節，回答主題句中隱含的問題。在有些段落中，主題句隱含某些問題，隱含的問題通過支撐句論述或說明，結論句就是總結細節，回答隱含問題。最後要用與主題句不同的措辭表達同一中心思想。
在段落示例1中，主題句的關鍵詞是students、different parts 和world;而在結論句中，關鍵詞是people、mixture、different countries，將students用people替代，different parts of the world用different countries替代，但表達的中心思想一致。
[段落示例3]
My hometown has changed greatly. When I last visited here, about half the houses had been torn down to make way for a highway. The remaining buildings were plastered with billboards and surrounded by traffic signs and litter. Now it has become dirty, noisy and full of cars.
主題句：My hometown has changed greatly.
主題句關鍵詞：changed
主題句隱含的問題：How has the hometown changed?
細節：
(1)a highway built — noisy and full of cars
(2)full of billboards，traffic signs and litter — dirty
結論句：Now it has become dirty，noisy and full of cars.
結論句關鍵詞：dirty, noisy, full of cars
本段落中的結論句總結了細節，並回答了主題句中隱含的問題。
三、如何把握段落的基本特徵
主題句、支撐句、結論句是段落寫作的最基本要素。此外，還要在宏觀層面上保證段落內容的完整性、主題的統一性、邏輯的連貫性，把握好段落的這三個基本特徵(Driscoll & Brizee)。如果抓住了段落的三個基本特徵，段落成文之後就會骨架優美，形象清晰，整體感強烈。
1. 段落的完整性
段落的完整性指的是段落展開充分。主題句一旦確定，就應該展開論述，細節越充足越好，可以使用給出數字、列舉例子、進行描繪等方法來展開段落。
[段落示例4]
Ever since the advent of a computer, it has played an important role in people's lives. The computer used in the Manhattan Project led to the successful creation of the atomic bomb ①in the 1940s. Computers were also applied to the process control of products and scientific calculation ②from the 1950s to 1970s. Scientists employed a number of computers in the simulation of power plants and weather forecasts ③at the beginning of the 1980s. ④Nowadays, computers have become a moving office along with the Internet and phones so people can work using them anywhere, anytime.
主題句：Ever since the advent of a computer, it has played an important role in people's lives.
細節：① in the 1940s ② from the 1950s to 1970s ③ at the beginning of the 1980s ④ nowadays
本段按照時間順序提供細節，舉例說明計算機在人類生活的各個時期發揮的重要作用。
2. 段落的統一性
段落的統一性是指主題思想貫穿整個段落。段落中的每個細節都應支持主題句。爲了支持主題句，要儘可能多地提供細節，但要避免濫用細節。
[段落示例5]
① The capital city of a country is usually a very important city. ②Government offices are located in the capital city and political leaders often live there or nearby. ③There are many different types of governments in the world. ④The capital may also be the center of culture. There are always museums, libraries, and universities in the capital. ⑤Finally, the capital city can serve as a center of trade, industry and commerce, so it is often the financial center of the country.
主題句：The capital city of a country is usually a very important city.(句①)
細節：
(1)Government offices are located in the capital and political leaders often live there or nearby.(句②)
(2)The capital may also be the center of culture.(句④)
(3)... it is often the financial center of the country.(句⑤)
無關細節：There are many different types of governments in the world.(句③)
顯然在這個段落中包含了一個無關細節，沒有支持主題句，應該將其刪去。
3. 段落的連貫性
段落的連貫性是指段落中的句子以清晰、符合邏輯的順序連接。連貫性能保證各個觀點之間以及觀點與主題句之間形成聯繫。連貫性通過一致的時態、統一的邏輯順序以及連接成分得以保證。
(1)時態的一致性：在段落中，句子的時態要一致，如果隨意變換時態，段落就不可能取得連貫性。對於一般類型文體，時態使用有章可循，如傳記通常用過去時，描述類文章通常用現在時。選用哪一種時態取決於作者處理材料的方式。
(2)邏輯順序的一致性：段落內容的展開和組織都需要有邏輯性。組織段落常用的邏輯順序有時間順序、空間順序、重要性順序和熟悉度順序等。
① 時間順序法是段落組織中最簡單和最常見的方法，通常在敘述和過程分析類文章中使用。
在敘述和分析過程時，對發生、記錄的事件或步驟按照時間順序敘述。在確定寫作目的後，寫出主題句，再使用first、then、next等把細節連接起來。
② 空間順序法主要用於描述景物、場面、建築等。對於按空間順序組織段落的作文，要事先確定描述場面的方式，如從左到右、從上到下、從遠到近、從背景到前景、順時針、逆時針等空間順序。在描寫某次參觀時，可同時運用空間順序和時間順序，以增強段落內部的連貫性。
③ 重要性順序法就是使用先主後次或先次後主的段落組織方法，前者先強調重要的觀點，然後列舉次要觀點;後者先列舉次要觀點，把重要的留到末尾。
④ 熟悉度順序法是按照讀者對細節的熟悉程度排列細節，展開段落。通常先談論讀者比較熟悉的、具體的細節，後談論讀者不大熟悉的細節。
在具體寫作段落的過程中，使用哪一種順序取決於作者的寫作目的和讀者對主題的'熟悉程度。下面僅對以時間和空間順序組織段落的方法予以說明。
[段落示例6]
We enjoyed our visit to Dr Hassan's house, which is perched high up on a hill. Walking up the long driveway，we approached the huge bronze door. A butler was standing in the open doorway, ushering guests into the house. Going in, we passed the oak-panelled library and the formal dining room before we arrived at the ballroom, where the reception was being held. Under three sparkling chandeliers，more than a hundred people were enjoying champagne, hors d'oeuvres and good conversation.
該段落採用時間和空間順序寫作手法，按照參觀時間和空間順序描寫所見所聞，其時空順序爲：driveway→door→house→library→dining room→ballroom。
(3)巧用連接成分：巧用連接詞，重複某些關鍵詞，可以增加段落的連貫性。連接詞和關鍵詞可以起粘着物的作用，把各部分連接起來，使句子間的關係更加清楚。連接成分主要有連接詞、代詞、重複的關鍵詞語。
[段落示例7]
①Until recently daydreaming was viewed as a waste of time. ② Or it was considered an unhealthy escape from real life and its duties. ③But now some people are taking a fresh look at daydreaming. ④And it may be that more people are suffering from a lack of daydreaming ⑤than are suffering from too much of it.
在段落示例7中，連接詞包括：①until recently ②or ③but ④and ⑤than。段落中重複的關鍵詞是daydreaming。②中的it和⑤中的it都代替的是daydreaming。
四、段落展開策略
