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Oil Exploitation Beneath AANWR'S Frozen Earth
Is there enough oil beneath the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (保護區) (ANWR) to help secure America's energy future? President Bush certainly thinks so. He has argued that tapping ANWR's oil would help ease California's electricity crisis and provide a major boost to the country's energy independence. But no one knows for sure how much crude oil lies buried beneath the frozen earth with the last government survey, conducted in 1998, projecting output anywhere from 3 billion to 16 billion barrels.
The oil industry goes with the high end of the range, which could equal as much as 10% of U.S. consumption for as long as six years. By pumping more than 1 million barrels a day from the reserve for the next two or three decades, lobbyists claim, the nation could cut back on imports equivalent to all shipments to the U.S. from Saudi Arabia. Sounds good. An oil boom would also mean a multibillion-dollar windfall ( 意外之財 ) in tax revenues, royalties ( 開採權使用費 ) and leasing fees for Alaska and the Federal Government. Best of all, advocates of drilling say, damage to the environment would be insignificant. "We've never had a document case of oil rig chasing deer out onto the pack ice." says Alaska State Representative Scott Ogan.
Not so fast, say environmentalists. Sticking to the low end of government estimates, the National Resources Defense Council says there may be no more than 3.2 billion barrels of economically recoverable oil in the coastal plain of ANWR, a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America's energy problems. And consumers would wait up to a decade to gain any benefits, because drilling could begin only after much bargaining over leases,environmental permits and regulatory review. As for ANWR's impact on the California power crisis, environmentalists point out that oil is responsible for only 1% of the Golden State's electricity output and just 3% of the nation's.
does President Bush think of tapping oil in ANWR?
A. It will exhaust the nation's oil reserves.
B. It will help secure the future of ANWR.
C. It will help reduce the nation's oil imports.
D. It will increase America's energy consumption.
learn from the second paragraph that the American oil industry __________.
A. believes that drilling for oil in ANWR will produce high yields
B. tends to exaggerate America's reliance on foreign oil
C. shows little interest in tapping oil in ANWR
D. expects to stop oil imports from Saudi Arabia
e against oil drilling in ANWR argue that __________.
A. it can cause serious damage to the environment
B. it can do little to solve U.S. energy problems
C. it will drain the oil reserves in the Alaskan region
D. it will not have much commercial value
do the environmentalists mean by saying "Not so fast" (Line 1, Para.3)?
A. Oil exploitation takes a long time.
B. The oil drilling should be delayed.
C. Don't be too optimistic.
D. Don't expect fast returns.
can be learned from the passage that oil exploitation beneath ANWR's frozen earth__________.
A. remains a controversial issue
B. is expected to get under way soon
C. involves a lot of technological problems
D. will enable the U.S. to be oil independent
答案與解析：
1.C。細節題。題幹：布什總統如何看待在ANWR採油?利用題幹關鍵詞可以定位到文章第一段第二句，即布什認爲開發ANWR的石油能夠幫助減輕加利福尼亞的`電能危機，並促進國家的能源獨立。所以選C。
2.A。細節題。題幹：從第二段得知，美國的石油行業__________。利用題幹關鍵詞可以定位到第二段，前半部分提到了“石油開採會幫助減輕國家石油進口的壓力”，後半部分提到“石油開採對環境的破壞比較小”，整個段落都是在圍繞“開發石油可以帶來好處”的主題。與A中的produce high yields(產生很大收益)相符。
3.B。細節題。題幹：反對在ANWR採油的人認爲__________。利用題幹關鍵詞可以定位到最後一段：“a drop in the bucket that would do virtually nothing to ease America’s energy problems。”這句話表明，開採的石油“只是杯水車薪，幾乎對減輕美國的能源問題沒有任何作用”。所以選B。
4.C。詞彙題。題幹：環境保護主義者說“not so fast”的意思是什麼?“Not so fast”這句話出現在段首，隨後討論的是“他們認爲石油開發的影響微乎其微”，暗示“not so fast”的含義是“不容樂觀的”，所以選C。
5.A。推理題。題幹：從短文可推斷出在ANWR凍土下采油__________。文中提到了支持和反對石油開發的兩種觀點，文章最後也沒有說明任何一方觀點的優劣，所以選A。
