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閱讀理解(第31---'45題，每題3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文後有5道題。請根據短文內容，爲每題確定l個最佳選項。
第一篇The Tricks of Supermarkets
You may have wondered why the supermarkets are all the same. It is not because the
companies that operate them lack imagination. It is because they all aim at persuading people tobuy things.
In the supermarket, it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping mode. This is why thearea immediately inside the entrance is known as the "decompression zone". People need to slowdown and look around, even if they are regulars. In sales terms this area is bit of a loss, so it tendsto be used more for promotion.
Immediately inside the first thing shoppers may come to is the fresh fruit and vegetablessection. For shoppers, this makes no sense. Fruit and vegetables can be easily damaged, so theyshould be bought at the end, not the beginning, of a shopping trip. But what is at work here? Itturns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping, and it makes people feel lessguilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.
Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the backof a store to provide more opportunities to tempt customers. But supermarkets know shoppersknow this, so they use other tricks, like placing popular items halfway along a section so thatpeople have to walk all along the aisle looking for them. The idea is to boost "dwell time": thelength of time people spend in a store.
Traditionally retailers measure "football", as the number of people entering a store is known,but those numbers say nothing about where people go and how long they spend there. Butnowadays, a piece of technology can fill the gap: the mobile phone. Path Intelligence, a Britishcompany tracked people's phones at Gunwharf Quays, a large retailer centre in Portsmouth--notby monitoring calls, but by plotting the positions of handsets as they transmit automatically tocellular networks. It found that when dwell time rose by 1%, sales rose by 1.3%.
Such techniques are increasingly popular because of a deepening understanding about howshoppers make choices. People tell market researchers that they make rational decisions about whatto buy, considering things like price, selection or convenience. But subconscious forces, involvingemotion and memories, are clearly also at work.
31. In Paragraph 2, "decompression zone" is the area meant to __________.
A. prepare shoppers for the mood of buying
B. offer shoppers a place to have a rest
C. encourage shoppers to try new products
D. provide shoppers with discount information
32. Putting the fruit-and-vegetable section near the entrance takes advantage of shoppers' __________.
A. common sense
B. shopping habits
C. shopping psychology
D. concerns with time
33. Path Intelligence uses a technology to __________.
A. measure how long people stay at a store
B. count how many people enter a store
C. find out what people buy in a store
D. monitor what people say and do in a store
34. What happened at Gunwharf Quays showed that sales __________.
A. were reversely linked to dwell time
B. were in direct proportion to dwell time
C. were affected more by football than by dwell time
D. were affected more by dwell time than by football
35. The best title for the passage is __________.
A. New Technology Boosts Stores' Sales
B. How Shoppers Make Choices in Stores
C. The Science behind Stores' Arrangements
D. Rational and Irrational Ways of Shopping
第二篇Easy Death
In ancient Greece, the term euthanatos meant "easy death". Today euthanasia (安樂死)generally refers to mercy killing, the voluntary ( 自願的 ) ending of the life of someone who isterminally ill. Like abortion, euthanasia has become a legal, medical, and moral issue over whichopinion is divided.
Euthanasia can be either active or passive. Active euthanasia means that a physician or othermedical personnel take an action that will result in death, such as giving an overdose of deadlymedicine. Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die of lack of treatment, or stopping thetreatment that has begun. Examples of passive euthanasia include taking patients off a breathingmachine or removing other life-support systems. Stopping the food supply is also considered passive.
A good deal of debate about mercy killing originates from the decision-making process. Whodecides whether a patient is to die? This issue has not been solved legally in the United States. Thematter is left to state law, which usually allows the physician in charge to suggest the option ofdeath to a patient's relatives, especially if the patient is brain dead. In an attempt to make decisionsabout when their own lives should end, several terminally ill patients in the early 1990s used acontroversial suicide device, developed by Dr. Jack Kevorkian, to end their lives.
In parts of Europe, the decision-making process has become very flexible. Even in caseswhere the patients are not brain dead, patients have been put to death without their approval at therequest of relatives or at the suggestion of physicians. Many cases of passive euthanasia involve oldpeople or newborn infants. The principle justifying this practice is that such individuals have a "lifenot worthy of life".
In countries where passive euthanasia is not legal, the court systems have proved very tolerantin dealing with medical personnel who practice it. In Japan, for example, if physicians followcertain guidelines they may actively carry out mercy killings on hopelessly ill people. Courts havealso been somewhat tolerant of friends or relatives who have assisted terminally ill patients to die.
36. A terminally ill patient is one who __________.
A. gets worse every day
B. can never get well again
C. is very seriously ill in the end
D. is too ill to want to live on
37. The difference between active and passive euthanasia is whether __________.
A. there is an action that speeds up the death of the patient
B. the breathing machine is taken off the patient
C. an overdose of deadly medicine is used
D. the patient is denied food supply
38. According to the passage, who has the legal responsibility to decide on euthanasia?
A. The national or state government.
B. The patient's relatives.
C. Physicians in charge of the patient.
D. The answer varies from country to country.
39. The principle justifying passive euthanasia in Europe is that terminally ill patients are __________.
A. living a life without consciousness
B. living a life that can hardly be called life
C. too old or too weak to live on
D. too old or too young to approve of euthanasia
40. The attitude of the writer toward euthanasia is __________.
A. negative
B. positive
C. objective
D. casual
第三篇Factors to Influence the Life Span
People are living longer than ever, but for some reason, women are living longer than men. Ababy boy born in the United States in 2003 can expect to live to be about 73, but a baby girl, about79. This is indeed a wide gap, and no one really knows why it exists. The greater longevity ( 長壽 )of woman, however, has been known for centuries. It was, for example, described in theseventeenth century. However, the difference was smaller then--the gap is growing. "
A number of reasons have been proposed to account for the differences: The gap is greatest inindustrialized societies, so it has been suggested that women are less susceptible to work strainsthat may raise the risk of heart disease and alcoholism. Sociologists also tell us that women areencouraged to be less adventurous than men (and this may be why they are more careful drivers,involved in fewer accidents).
Even smoking has been implicated in the age discrepancy. It was once suggested that workingwomen are more likely to smoke and as more women entered the work force, the age gap wouldbegin to close, because smoking is related to earlier deaths. Now, however, we see more womensmoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.
One puzzling aspect of the problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as men. Thatis, they report far more illness. But when a man reports an illness, it is more likely to be serious.
Some researchers have suggested that men may die earlier because their health is morestrongly related to their emotions. For example, men tend to die sooner after losing a spouse thanwomen do. Men even seem to be more weakened by loss of a job. (Both of these are linked with amarked decrease in the effectiveness of the immune system.) Among men, death follows retirementwith an alarming promptness.
Perhaps we are searching for the answers too close to the surface of the problem. Perhaps theanswers lie deeper in our biological heritage. After all, the phenomenon is not isolated to humans.
Females have the edge among virtually all mammalian ( 哺乳動物的 )species, in that they generallylive longer. Furthermore, in many of these species the differences begin at the moment ofconception; there are more male miscarriages ( 流產) . In humans, after birth, more baby boys thanbaby girls die.
41. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs ?
A. Men's lifespan remains almost unchanged.
B. Researchers have found the causes of the age gap.
C. The age gap was noticed only recently.
D. The more advanced a society, the greater the age gap.
42. As is suggested in Paragraph 2, the two factors relevant to women's longer lifespan are __________.
A. disease and road accidents
B. industrialization and work strains
C. their endurance of work strains and reluctance for adventure
D. their immunity to heart disease and refusal of alcohol
43. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. The great number of male smokers contributes to the age gap.
B. The growing number of smoking women will narrow the age gap.
C. Smoking does not seem to affect women's longevity.
D. Female workers are more likely to smoke than male workers.
44. Which of the following phenomena makes researchers puzzled?
A. Though more liable to illness, women still live longer.
B. Men's health is more closely related to their emotions.
C. Men show worse symptoms than women when they fall ill.
D. Quite a number of men die soon after their retirement.
45. The word "edge" in Paragraph 6 means __________.
A. margin
B. side
C. quality
D. advantage
參考答案第一篇
31.A。詞彙題。題幹：第二段中的“休閒地帶”指的是_________的區域。由“Inthe supermarket，
it takes a while for the mind to get into a shopping is why the area immediately inside the entrance is known as the‘decompression zone’.”可知，“休閒地帶”的作用是爲人們儘快進入購物狀態做好準備。故答案爲A。
32.C。細節題。題幹：把水果蔬菜區域放到入口的地方是利用了消費者的_________心理。由“It turns out that selecting good fresh food is a way to start shopping，and it makes people feel less guilty about reaching for the unhealthy stuff later on.”可知，商家把果蔬放在商店門口，是爲了讓人們在先挑到新鮮的果蔬後覺得很興奮，即使後來買些不太健康的東西，負罪感也會少一點，利用了消費者的購物心理。故答案爲C。
33.A。細節題。題幹：“智能通道”利用了_________ 的技術。由“Path Intelligence…It found that when dwell time rose by l%，sales rose by 1.3%.”可知，Path Intelligence利用手機技術來跟蹤用戶的位置。他們發現，顧客在店內的逗留時間每增加l%，銷售額就會增長1.3%。所以，這項技術是用來測量顧客在店內逗留時間長短的，故答案爲A。
34.B。細節題。題幹：GunwharfQuays所發生的事情說明了_________ 。由“It found that when dwell time rose by l%，sales rose by l3%.”可知，顧客在商店逗留的時間與商店的銷售額成正比。故答案爲B。
35.C。主旨題。題幹：本文的最佳標題是_________。文章通篇都在講述商家怎麼利用消費者的心理來佈置商店格局，以吸引消費者在商店逗留更多時間，進而增加銷售額。故答案
爲C。
第二篇
36.B。詞彙題。題幹：一個晚期病人是_________。terminal意爲“末端的，晚期的”。a terminally ill patient表示“晚期患者，絕症病人”，即選can never get well again(無法再治癒了)。也可以參考第三段的最後一句話：several terminally ill patients in the early 1”。s used a controversial suicide device，developed by Kevorkian，to end their lives._________由此推斷出，應該是“不可能再治好的病人”纔有可能採取“安樂死”。故選B。
37.A。細節題。題幹：積極安樂死與消極安樂死的區別是_________。本題答案在文章第二段。本段介紹了安樂死的兩種方式：active euthanasia和passive euthanasia。第二句“Active euthanasia means that a physician or other medical personnel take an action that will result in death….”意爲“主動的安樂死是指由醫生或其他醫護人員採取措施結束病人生命……”，第三句“Passive euthanasia means letting a patient die of lack of treatment，or stopping the treatment that has begun.”意爲“被動的安樂死是指使病人因缺乏治療或停止已開始的治療而死亡”。由此可推知兩種方式的區別在於，是否採取某種措施來加速病人的死亡，即選項A。
38.D。細節題。題幹：根據本文的信息，_________有權利來決定是否執行安樂死。首先找到問題出處在第三段第二句：who decides whether a patient is to die?緊接着論述了這一問題在美國的情況，指出：“This issue has not been solved legally in the United States.(在美國，這個問題在法律上還沒解決。)”第四段介紹了歐洲的情況：In parts of Europe，the decision-making process has become very flexible.(在歐洲的部分國家，這一決定的程序則非常靈活。)第五段又介紹了在其他一些國家的情況。由此可推斷出，對這個問題，不同的國家有所不同，故選D。
39.B。細節題。題幹：歐洲判定合理執行安樂死的原則是晚期病人_________。本題答案在第四段最後一句：The principle iustifying this practice is that such individuals have a“life not worthy of life”.給這些人實施安樂死的`合理依據是這些人的生命已經是毫無意義的了，因此B是正確的。
40.C。態度題。題幹：作者對安樂死的態度是_________。從整篇文章來看，作者主要客觀地論述了安樂死的不同方式，各個國家對安樂死的不同看法，而沒有個人的主觀觀點，因此答案爲objective(客觀的)。negative意爲“消極的，否定的”;positive意爲“積極的，肯定的”;casual意爲“隨意的”。故選C。
第三篇
41.D。推理題。題幹：從前兩個段落可以推理得出_________。由第一段的最後兩句“It was，for example，described in the seventeenth ver,the different was smaller then—the gap is growing”，以及第二段中“The gap is greatest in industrialized societies.”可知，越先進的社會，差距就越大。故答案選D。
42.C。細節題。題幹：如第二段所示，與女性較長的壽命相關的兩個因素是_________。由第二段中“The gap is greatest in industrialized societies… be less adventurous than men.”可知，與女性長壽有關的兩個因素是她們對工作壓力的承受能力和不願意冒險。故答案選C。
43.C。細節題。題幹：從第3段可以看出，下列哪一個陳述是正確的?由“Now,however,we
see more women smoking and they still tend to live longer although their lung cancer rate is climbing sharply.”即“然而，現在我們看到更多的女性吸菸，但是她們仍然活得更長久，即使她們得肺癌的概率在急劇上升。”可知，吸菸似乎對女性的長壽沒什麼影響。故答案選C。
44.A。細節題。題幹：下列哪一個現象令研究者困惑?由第四段中“One puzzling aspect ofthe
problem is that women do not appear to be as healthy as is，they report far more illness.”可知，令研究者百思不得其解的是即使女性得病率高，但她們仍然活得更長久。故答案選A。
45.D。詞彙題。題幹：第6段中的“edge”意思是_________。margin“利潤，餘裕”;side
“方面”;quality“質量”;advantage“優勢，利益”。通篇都在談論女性比男性在壽命方面更有優勢，由此優勢類推到幾乎所有的哺乳動物中，雌性都活得更長些。故答案選D。
