2017職稱英語考試綜合類語法知識彙總

2017年職稱英語考試開始備考,不少同學已開始準備2017年職稱英語考試複習。爲了促進大家的學習積極性,yjbys網小編整理了職稱英語相關的複習資料,下面是2017職稱英語考試綜合類語法詳細講解,供大家備考複習。

2017職稱英語考試綜合類語法知識彙總

 2017職稱英語考試綜合類語法一:

(一)相互代詞:表示相互關係的詞叫相互代詞。

each other ,one another是相互代詞,譯成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示兩者之間,而one anther表示許多人之間。它們有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。如: We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我們身處困境時要互相幫助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他們坐在那兒,互相都不說話。)

(二)疑問代詞:用來提出問題的代詞稱爲疑問代詞。

、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用於特殊疑問句中,一般放在句首。口語中也常用who代替whom作賓語,但在介詞後則只能用whom。如:

Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀請了誰參加你的生日聚會的?) / What does she want to be when she grows up?(她長大了想幹什麼?)

和whom只能獨立使用,其中who可以作句子的主語、表語或動詞的賓語,whom只能作謂語動詞的賓語;而what、which、whose等既可以獨立使用作主語、表語和賓語,也可以與名詞構成疑問短語。如: Who is that man?(那男的是誰?) / What colour are their hats?(他們的帽子是什麼顏色?) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪輛車是德國造的?)(被動句)

注意這個提問:The man in the car is my father.(車裏的男人是我父親)

→Which man is your father?(哪個男人是你的父親?)

h除了可以詢問指代的情況之外,還可以針對說明人物的時間、地點、歲數、顏色、大小、狀況等進行提問。如:People there live a very sad life.(那裏的人生活悽慘) →Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活悽慘?)/ --Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(爲了度假你預訂了哪家旅館?)—The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅館)

4.疑問代詞不分單複數,視它所替代的人或事物決定單複數,但是通常用單數;如果修飾名詞,則以名詞的單複數爲準。如:Who is (are) in that playhouse?(誰在遊戲房裏?) / What is that? (那是什麼?)/ What are those? (那些是什麼?) / What colours do they have?(它們有哪些顏色?)

 2017職稱英語考試綜合類語法二:

(1)複合不定代詞somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 構成的,叫做複合不定代詞,在句子中當單數使用。

somebody, something, someone 一般用於肯定句中;anything, anybody,anyone一般用於疑問句、否定句和條件狀語從句中。修飾複合不定代詞的定語,應放在它們的後面。如:Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,麗麗,門外有人。) /Di(每個人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上個星期天你來學校時見到什麼人了嗎?)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天沒有多少事情做)

(2)one與ones用來代替上文的一個或多個人或事物,前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which等。如: Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夾克,這件還是那件? / I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜歡綠色的那些)

(3)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的.賓語或表語。如: I don’t think so.(我認爲不是這樣的。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丟失了一本書,我也是。)

(4)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的區別:五個“名詞+介詞”短語都表示“大量,許多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修飾不可數名詞也可以修飾可數名詞的複數形式,可以相應地換爲much和many;plenty of“足夠、大量”,既可以修飾不可數名詞也可以修飾可數名詞的複數形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數名詞複數形式(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用複數形式)可以換爲some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修飾不可數名詞(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用單數形式)可以換爲much。

如:A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認爲時間就是金錢。) / I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着趕忙,因爲我有充足的時間。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要寫) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在購物方面我花費了大量的時間/金錢。)

(5)none、no one、nobody的區別:no one和nobody都表示“沒有人”,僅指人,後面不跟of 短語,作主語時謂語用單數形式;none表示“沒有一個人/物”,可指人也可以指物,後面可跟of短語,作主語時謂語可用單數也可用複數。如:No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的) / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天沒有一個人交作文。) / None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天沒有一個朋友來看我。)

 2017職稱英語考試綜合類語法三:

(1)every和each用法:

every是形容詞,只能作定語修飾單數名詞,意思是“每一個”,表示整體概念;

each是形容詞、代詞,可用作主語、賓語、定語等,意思是“每個”或者“各個”,表示單個概念;each可以放在名詞前,可以後跟of短語,與動詞同時出現時要放在“be動詞、助動詞、情態動詞”之後或者行爲動詞之前

every和each都用作單數理解,但是下文中既可以用單數的代詞(如he/him/his)也可以用複數的代詞(如they/them /their)替代。如:Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每個學生學習都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他們很忙,人人都有事幹)

(2)either和neither的用法:

either意思是“兩個中間的任何一個”;neither是either的否定形式,意思是“兩個都不”。

neither和either在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語等,都用作單數。如:I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什麼,兩個之中隨便哪個都行) / --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公車去還是坐轎車去?一個都不坐,我坐火車去。)

(3)other、the other和another的用法:

other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有複數形式。在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語。another意思是“另外”、“又一個”,表示增加,在句中可作賓語和定語。如:

Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大蘋果樹下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說話) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已經吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊?) / I want another four books.(我還要四本書)

another(另外的,再一,又一)與the other(另外的一個) 主要從數量上區分,只有兩個時用the other,在原先基礎上增加用another。如: This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(這是你的一隻襪子,還有一隻呢?) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已經吃了4塊蛋糕,但是我還要以塊。)

others與the others的主要區別:others指“剩餘的人/物”(指大部分);the others指“其餘的人/物”,(指全部)。如:A few students are playing soccer while others are watching them.(有幾個學生在踢足球,其他一些人在觀看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十個男孩中有兩個站着,其他人都圍着他們坐着。)

(4)many和much的用法:

many意思是“很多”,與可數名詞複數連用;much意思是“很多”,與不可數名詞連用。它們在句中可作主語、賓語和定語等。如:I don’t have many friends here.(在這裏我沒有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(許多人在公交車禍中喪失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的幫助之下我們能學到很多)

many和much一般用於否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用於肯定句時可以在前面加上so、very或too.如: There are a lot of people on the playground.(操場上有許多的人)/ They haven’t got much work to do.(他們沒有多少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房間里人太多了。)

(5)few、little、a few、a little的用法:

few、little意思是“很少幾個”、“幾乎沒有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有幾個”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ;few、a few與可數名詞連用或代替可數的事物, little、a little與不可數名詞連用或代替不可數的事物。它們在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。如:

He is very poor and he has little money.(他很窮,幾乎沒有什麼錢。) / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(彆着急,還有一點兒時間呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那個極地地區幾乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以從他那兒弄到一些糖果)