職稱英語衛生類假設句型語法考點

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職稱英語衛生類假設句型語法考點

If + Present Tense ……, S + will/shall + V ……

結構︰If+現在式…,S+未來式…

說明︰if 子句用現在式,表示須具備的條件,主句用未來式表示可能的結果,整句含意爲“如果…,那麼…”。will 用於所有的人稱,在 I 和 we 之後可用 shall 代替 will.若主句的主詞爲 I 或 we 時,可以用 shall 代替 will.像 if necessary(如果需要),if possible(如果可能),if so(如果這樣)等固定詞組實際上是省略了的 if 子句。

If I lose my job, I will/shall go abroad. 如果我失業了,我就出國

If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我頭痛,我就服一片阿斯匹林。

If it rains, we will stay at home. 如果下雨,我們將待在家裏。

If the weather clears, we‘ll go for a walk. 如果天晴,我們就去散步。

If the weather doesn‘t clear, we won’t go for a walk. 如果天不晴,我們就不去散步。

Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up.

通貨膨脹率可能上升。如果是這樣,物價就會上漲。

If possible, She wants to go with us. 可能的'話,她想跟我們一起去。

Sterling may fall, if (this should be) so, interest rates will rise.

英國貨幣可能貶值,如果果真如此,利率就會上升。

If + Present Tense ……, S + Modal Verb ……

結構︰If + 現在式,主詞+情態助動詞

說明︰本句型實爲句型之變體。之所以用情態助動詞,主要是因爲說話者對可能的結果不是太肯定或者是想表達例如必要的意思。

If it is fine tomorrow, we can go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門可以出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we could go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門能夠出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門可能出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we might go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門可能出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we should go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門宜於出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we ought to go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門宜於出門。

If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. 如果明天天氣好,我門必須出門。

If I should ……, Imperative Sentence.

結構︰If I+should ……+祈使語氣

說明︰代替,增加了條件的不確定性。本句型常用在想禮貌地提出要求或建議,或者想圓通地告訴他人該做什麼事的場合。用 should 起始句子即可不用 if 而表示條件。這種用法比較正式,常用於諸如公函之中,而不用於日常會話。

If you should see him, please give him my regards. 如果你見到他,請代我向他致意。

Should you see him, please give him my regards. 如果你見到他,請代我向他致意。

If you should happen to see him, please give him my regards.

如果你萬一見到他,請代我向他致意。

Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards.

如果你萬一見到他,請代我向他致意。

If you should write to her, send her my love. 如果你給她寫信,請代我向她問候。

Should you not wish our agent to call, please let us know.

你若不希望我們的代理人去造訪,請告之。

Should you be interested in our offer, please contact us.

你若對我們的報價感興趣,請與我們聯繫。

If I should ……, I will ……

結構︰If…should…,…would(will)/should(shall)等+原形動詞

說明︰這是表示與未來事實相反的假設,if 要用 should,譯成“萬一”。should可置於前,將 if 省略。的則視可能性做變化:若可能性低,則爲過去式,若可能性高,則爲現在式。should 可以提前,而將 if 省略。

If he should come, I would tell him the truth. 萬一他來,我會把真相告訴他。

If he should come, I will tell him the truth. 萬一他來,我一定會把真相告訴他。

Should the boy come again, I would throw him out. 要是那男孩在來,我就把他攆出去。

If it should rain, our plan would be spoiled. 萬一下雨,我們的計劃就泡湯了。

Should that be true, the contract would be canceled. 假如那是真的,合約就該取消。

Should another world war break out, what would become of human beings?

萬一另一次世界大戰爆發,人類將會發生什麼事?

If I were to ……, I ……