考研英語語法

句子一:With regard to Futurist poetry,however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be--even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be classed as case is rather difficult是句子主幹,rather是副詞,相當地,修飾形容詞difficult;with regard to Futurist poetry作狀語,with regard to就...而言;however表明前後對比關係; for引導原因狀語從句,解釋難的原因,從句為it can hardly be classed as Literature,hardly是否定副詞,幾乎不;在原因狀語從句中,whatever Futurist poetry may be--even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right是讓步狀語從句,even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right在句中充當狀語,admitting that後接賓語從句the theory may be right,on which it is based是修飾the theory的定語從句。參考翻譯:然而就未來主義詩歌而言,情況就很難説了,因為不管未來主義詩歌是什麼--即使承認其理論基礎是正確的--也很難將其歸為文學。

考研英語語法

句子二:Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans,he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so-and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.句子主幹是he ordered ...;Declaring that...現在分詞作狀語,that後接賓語從句;he ordered that後接賓語從句,order後跟虛擬語氣,省略了should;連字符中間的句子作插入語,是although引導的讓步狀語從句;asked是與ordered並列的謂語動詞,用法是ask sb.(experts) to do(report back), chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro過去分詞做定語修飾experts,to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning做狀語。參考翻譯:他宣佈自己反對使用這種非同尋常的畜牧技術來克隆人類,並下令不準使用聯邦基金做此類實驗--儘管也沒有人建議這麼做--他還請一個以普林斯頓大學校長哈羅德.夏皮羅為主席的獨立專家組在90天內向白宮彙報關於制定有關克隆人的國家政策的建議。

分析每一個考研英語中的長難句,首先要找出其中的句子主幹是關鍵,就像一棵大樹的主幹,再看其他分支具體是做什麼成分,在分析具體成分時需要對於這些狀語、定語、補語有所瞭解,真題也是對這些知識的理解與鞏固。

導語:考研基礎階段,近期學員諮詢的問題都是涉及長難句。確實,考研複習的順序要有規律,基礎階段不要着急去靠做題強化。基礎階段中的基礎知識是必要的。今天作者就2016考研英語語法基礎中的讓步狀語從句給大家進行講解。

讓步狀語從句是狀語從句的一種,一般翻譯成"儘管"或"即使"。引導讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞主要有though, although, while, as, even if, even though, ..., no matter, regardless of, despite, in spite of等。下面我們就舉幾個簡單的例子對其用法進行闡釋。

AlthoughThough he got ill, he still insisted on working all day long. 雖然他病了,但他依然堅持一天工作。AlthoughThough引導讓步狀語從句時,區別甚微,Although比Though正式,一般情況可以互換。在上邊句子中,主句中出現了still(仍然),而且在中文的.翻譯中,是"雖然,但是",但需要注意的是,出現這兩個詞的句子中,不能有but出現,但可以與yet,still連用。

Hard asthough he is, he fails in the end. Asthough引導讓步狀語從句,要以部分倒裝形式出現,如上邊句子,正常語序是Asthough he is hard, he fails in the end. Hard是表語成分,需要前置形成部分倒裝。被倒裝的成分可以是表語、狀語或動詞原形。

Even if/even though表示"即使、縱使"的意思。我們從下邊兩個句子中看看這兩個連詞的區別。Even if it rains tomorrow, we won't change our plan.即使明天下雨,我們也不會改變我們的計劃。Even though the Chinese team has the least experience, they get the best.雖然中國隊經驗最少,但是他們取得了最好的成績。由上可看出,Even if後接的句子發生在"明天",是未發生的事情,包含一種假設;Even though往往引導的事實是發生過的。

While引導讓步狀語從句時必須置於句首,這一用法比較好理解。While I know what you say, I can not agree with you.雖然我明白你説的,但我還是不能同意。While除了引導讓步狀語從句,還可以引導時間狀語從句,其接的動詞為延續性動詞或表示狀態的詞;還可以表示前後的轉折或對比。

...引導讓步狀語從句,但這種從句也可以理解成"選擇條件-讓步狀語從句"。Whether you like him or not, he will come tonight.不管你喜不喜歡他,他今晚都會來的。

"No matter+疑問詞=疑問詞-ever"引導的讓步狀語從句是比較常見的,需要注意的是"No matter+疑問詞"只能引導讓步狀語從句,"疑問詞-ever"還可以引導名詞性從句,對於二者的區分,從例子中獲取。Whatever you say, I will not believe you.(讓步狀語從句);I will see whatever you show me.(名詞性從句)。區分二者,可以把從句去掉,看剩下的句子在意思上是否和原句一致,一致的是讓步狀語,不一致的是名詞性從句。去掉之後分別是I will not believe you.和I will see.第一句和原句一致,第二句與原句存在偏差,因為句中狀語成分不會影響整句意思。

在基礎知識這一塊,從句是一大塊,而其中的狀語從句又是重中之重,這一系列的文章都會涉及狀語從句類,希望整體上的梳理能夠幫助大家對每一類從句都有個清楚的認識。以上是引導讓步狀語從句的一些連詞,不需要記憶,大家就是要有個整體的認識,看到這些連詞要知道對應的句子類型。希望大家能夠穩紮穩打,會後期強化衝刺做好準備!

活學活用案例

Prior to the twentieth century , women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any feature that made them unique inpiduals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.

【詞彙突破】prior to 在...之前

Stereotypes 模式化的形象,固定模式,刻板印象,陳規老套

lacking=lack of 缺乏,沒有

feature 特徵

unipue inpidual 獨特的個體

subject to 容易遭受,受……管制

numerous 很多的

【主幹識別】

Women in novels were stereotypes and were also subject to numerous restrictions .

【其他成分】

of lacking any feature that made unique inpiduals 為定語,其中還包括一個由that引導的定語從句;imposed by the male- dominated culture 作定語修飾restrictions .

【譯文賞析】20世紀前,小説中的女性都是一些刻板的形象,沒有任何特點,所以無法成為獨特的個體,而且他們還屈從於男性主宰的文化傳統加強給他們的種種舒服。

活學活用案例二

The idea of fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs , even to run an electric motor , is almost unbelievable.

【詞彙突破】generate electricity 發電

light 點亮

【主幹識別】The idea is almost unbelievable.

【其他成分】of fish being able to generate electricity strong enough to light small bulbs , even to run an electric motor 作定語修飾the idea。

以上就是對於句子結構的把握,但是如果要翻譯的話,肯定不能按英語的結構來翻譯,定語被前置的話,後果將是災難性的。所以過長的修飾部分可以單獨成句,然後再按照漢語的語序重新排列。

首先定語部分可以切分為兩個部分:

fish being able to generate electricity

魚可以發電

2. strong enough to light small bulbs , even to run an electric motor

電的強度足以點亮點燈,甚至可以開動電馬達

再看主句:

idea is almost unbelievable.

這種理念簡直讓人難以置信。

這樣,我們發現其實按123的順序來翻譯就符合中文的表達習慣。

不積跬步無以至千里,不積小流無以成江河。希望通過作者今天的講解能夠有效幫助各位考生構築長難句王國的大廈。找對合適的學習方法,備考的陽光每天都在。草長鶯飛,拂堤楊柳,正是備考好時節。預祝各位考生圓夢考場,成功進入理想院校的大門!