定語從句中,什麼時候用that,什麼時候用where?怎麼用呢?
在定語從句中引導地點用that 和where的區別
1.看被定語從句所修飾的先行詞(名詞/代詞)能不能直接和從句相連.
如果可以直接和從句其他成分相連,無須補上介詞,則用that/which;
如果需要額外補上介詞才能放在定語從句中,則用where.
如:This is the city (which/that I stayed in last year).
把先行詞the city放入後面的定語從句,為:
I stayed in (the city) last year.
the city直接做介詞in的.賓語,所以用which/that.
再如:This is the city (where I stayed last year).
把先行詞the city放入定語從句,需要補上介詞in方可,即為:
I stayed (in the city) last year.
所以使用where或in which.
2.看定語從句是缺少地點狀語還是缺少主語/賓語/表語.
如果缺少地點狀語,用where;
如果只缺少主語/賓語/表語,則用which/that.
如:This is the city (which/that) I visited last year.
從句I visited last year中,及物動詞visited後面缺少一個賓語,所以用which/that;
再如:This is the city (where) I lived last year.
I lived last year中,缺少地點狀語in the city,所以用where或in which
situation後面的定語從句用that還是where
簡單地說,situation後接的定語從句到底該用that, which來引導還是用where來引導,主要看後面的定語從句的主謂賓是否完整:
1.如果定語從句的主謂賓是完整的(不缺主語也不缺賓語),則要用where來引導。如:
It is asituation wherebasic human rights are being flagrantly abused.這種情形是對基本人權的公然踐踏。
If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangeroussituation whereyou might lose it.你如果拿重要的東西去冒險,那你就是將它置於一種可能會失去它的危險境地。
It’s helpful to put children in asituation wherethey can see themselves differently.把孩子們放到一個能夠讓他們從不同角度看待自己的環境中,這對於他們會有所幫助。(2009福建卷大學聯考題)
2.如果定語從句的主謂賓不完整(比如缺少主語或者缺少賓語),則要用that, which來引導。如:
It’s asituation thatmust be dealt with.這是必須要處理的事情。
This is asituation whichcannot be changed.這是無法改變的事實。