分析了兩個晚上的AA，發現“七宗罪”確實是好東西，就是那些“罪”太多、而且過於零散，很難記憶。因此將七宗罪分類整理了一下，按照論證的原因、結果、論證過程三部分，歸為三個類別，歡迎閱讀，更多訊息請關注應屆畢業生網。
因、果、證
1、因
就是原因上的問題，有以下三個：
可疑調查
樣本不足
結論無據
2、果
就是結論上的'問題，有以下兩個：
無因果聯絡
二者擇一
3、證
就是論證過程上的問題，有以下兩個，縱向橫向各一個：
錯誤類比(橫向)
時地全等(縱向)
這樣，只要記住了三字訣：因、果、證，就很容易記牢全部七宗罪了。
順便分析一下本月JJ的一篇AA：
“Our total sales have increased this year by 20 percent since we added a pharmacy section to our
grocery store. Clearly, the customer’s main concern is the convenience afforded by one-stop
shopping. // 無因果聯絡，可能另有他因。 The surest way to increase our profits over the next couple
of years, therefore, is to add a clothing department along with an automotive supplies and repair
shop. We should also plan to continue adding new departments and services, such as a restaurant
and a garden shop, in subsequent years. // 時地全等 Being the only store in the area that offers such a range of services will give us a competitive advantage over other local stores.” // 結論無據
【拓展閱讀】七宗罪
第一宗罪：無因果聯絡
The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification. The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B, the former event is responsible for the latter. (The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality. However, the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.) But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example, perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.
第二宗罪 樣本不足 Insufficient-sample
The evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion (The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends), unless it can be shown that A1 is representative of all A. It is possible that.... In fact, in face of such limited evidence, the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.
第三宗罪: 錯誤類比 (based on a false analogy )<橫向>
The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects. This assumption is weak, since although there are points of comparison between A and B, there is much dissimilarity as well. For example, A..., however, B.... Thus, it is likely much more difficult for B to do....
第四宗罪 時地全等 all things are equal<縱向>
The author commits the fallacy of “all things are equal”. The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that.... The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations. However, it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago. Thus it is impossible to conclude that....
第五宗罪 二者擇一 Either-Or choice
The author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or choice. Common sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.
第六宗罪 可疑調查 survey is doubtful
The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative. The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll, who responded, or when, where and how the poll was conducted. (Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to access the validity of the results. For example, if 200 persons were surveyed but only 2 responded, the conclusion d be highly suspect. Because the argument offers no evidence that would rule out this kind of interpretations,) Until these questions are answered, the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.
第七宗罪 結論無據 gratuitous assumption
The author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that.... However, no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption. In fact, this is not necessarily the case. For example, it is more likely that.... Therefore, this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility
