一、託福閱讀考試 利用上下文線索猜測詞義
1、根據同義、反義關係猜詞
Today' s teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their _______ grandparents.
A. freethinking B. traditional C. old D. happy
traditional與liberal意思相反,故選B。
2、根據句意或段落文章的上、下文猜測詞義
Klebold and Harris felt _______ and wanted to revenge against those who disliked playing
together with them or laughed at them.
A. discouraged B. ashamed C. tired D. separated
根據下文的`disliked playing together with them判斷此處應爲"感到孤立",故選D。
二、託福閱讀考試 利用構詞法猜測詞義(利用前、後綴及合成詞猜詞義)
1、用前、後綴猜測詞義
英語中的前綴、後綴構詞頗多,且特定的綴往往表示特定的含義,把握住這一點,可起到以不變應萬變的效果。
1)He had been overworking and fell ill at last.
overwork是由前綴over-加動詞構成,over有"超過、過於"之意,overwork意思是"工作過多,勞累過度"。再如,overburden負擔過重,overcharge要價過高,overdo做得過分。英語中常用的前綴還有:
mis-錯,誤:misfortune不幸;mislead誤導;mismanage處理不當
mid-中央:midnight半夜;midway半路
under-低於:underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估
anti-反對:antibody抗體;anticyclone反氣旋;antifreeze防凍劑
下面劃線單詞爲常見後綴派生詞:
1)You must stop dreaming and face reality.(-ty爲名詞的標誌)
2)The country is trying to popularize education. (-ize爲及物動詞的標誌,再如realize, modernize)
2、利用合成詞猜測詞義。
Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.
根據短語構成及上下文意思看,此處partakes in相當於takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名詞爆發),set out-outset(名詞起始),come in-income(名詞收入) 。