限定性定語從句是英語語法中從句的一種，是定語從句的分支之一。
限制性定語從句的例句
1.窗戶朝南的那間房間是我的。
The room whose window faces south is mine.=The room of which the window faces south is mine.
1. 整座城市躺在廢墟中，其中百分子75的工廠和大樓消失不見了。 The whole city, 75% of whose factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.
2. 我們公司有2000工人，三分之二是女工。
Our company has 2000 workers, of whom two thirds/ two thirds of whom are women.
3. 那些被困在廢墟里的人已經得救了。
Those who were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.
4. 你們剛纔談論的`那場地震好可怕呀！
The earthquake that you were talking about sounded frightening/shocking.=The earthquake about which you were talking sounded frightening.
5. 我的家人都是音樂愛好者，今晚將去看電影。
My family, all of whom are music lovers, are going to the movie tonight.
6. 我們正在看的這幢大樓過去曾經是一家醫院。
The building which we are looking at used to be a hospital.
7. 約翰向母親說起過把他在國外見過的人和城市。
John once talked to his mom about the people and cities that he had visited abroad.
8. 他是去過倫敦的一位以觀光者之一。
He is one of the tourists who have been to London.
9. 他是這些觀光者當中唯一去過倫敦的。
He is the only one of the visitors that/who has been to London.
10. 這就是你們上個禮拜參觀過的學校嗎？
Is this the school that you visited last Sunday?
11. 這所學校就是你們上個禮拜參觀過的那所嗎？
Is this school the one that you visited last Sunday?
12. 他們曾經居住過的是在這個地方里。
It is in this place that he once lived.
13. 這是他們曾經住過的地址。
It is the place where he once lived.
14. 他有兩個兒子，每一位都看起來像他。
He has two sons, either of whom looks like him.
15. 他有連個兒子，並且每一個都看起來像他。
He has two sons, and either of them looks like him.
16. 這是一本封面是藍色的書。
17. This is a book whose cover is blue.=This is a book,of which the cover is blue=This is a book,the cover of which is blue.
18. 他不說令她生氣的話。He said nothing that made her angry.
19. 那就是他拒絕在會上發言的理由。That was the reason why/for which he refused to speak at the meeting. =That was the reason which/that he refused to speak for at the meeting.
20. 那就是前幾天麥克給我的理由。
That was the reason that/which Mac gave me.
限制性與非限制性定語從句區別
一、在句中作用不同
限制性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定製約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。
非限制性定語從句與先行詞關係不十分密切,只是對其作一些附加說明,不起限定製約作用。如果將非限制性定語從句省去,主句的意義仍然完整。
二、外在表現形式不同
限制性定語從句因與先行詞關係密切,所以不可以用逗號將其與主句隔開;而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關係不十分密切,所以可用逗號將其與主句隔開。
例 1. Do you remember the girl who taught us English?
你還記得教我們英語的那個女孩嗎?
例 2. Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time.
鍾是一種能夠告訴人們時間的儀器。
例 3. This is the place where he used to live.
這就是他過去居住的地方。
例 4. Mr. Zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of mine.
張先生昨天來看我,他是我的一位朋友。
例 5. We walked down the village street, where they were having market day.
我們沿着村裏的大街向前走去,村民們正在那裏趕集。
析:在前三個例句中,定語從句與先行詞關係密切,爲限制性定語從句,不可用逗號將其與主句隔開。在後兩個例句中,定語從句與先行詞關係不密切,爲非限制性定語從句,可用逗號將其與主句隔開。
三、先行詞內容有所不同
大多數限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往爲某一個詞或短語,而特殊情況下非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可爲整個主句,此時非限制性定語從句常由 which 引導。
例 1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.
一箇中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫,這令我十分恐懼。
析:由語境可知,令“我”恐懼的內容應爲“中年女子殺害了自己的丈夫”這整個一件事,因此先行詞爲整個主句,此時應由 which 引導定語從句。
例 2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.
一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語,這令所有在場的人感到非常驚訝。
析:由語境可知,令所有在場的人感到驚訝的內容是“一個五歲男孩會講兩門外語”這整個一件事,因此先行詞爲整個主句,此時應由 which 引導非限制性定語從句。
