whom引導的非限制性定語從句

非限定性定語從句起補充說明作用,缺少也不會影響全句的理解,它與主句往往用逗號隔開。定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。

whom引導的非限制性定語從句

whom引導的非限制性定語從句

關係代詞whom用於指人,在句中作動詞賓語和介詞賓語,作介詞賓語時,介詞可位於句首。

如:Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris.

彼得現在回巴黎了,你在倫敦見過他。

Mr Smith,from whom I have learned a lot,is a famous scientist.

史密斯先生是一位著名的科學家,我從他那兒學了許多東西。

易錯點

1. 引導限制性定語從句時,關係代詞which可以與that互換;但引導非限制性定語從句時,只能用which。

例 heard a terrible noise, ______ frightened her.

A. that B. which C. what D. who

例 heard a terrible noise ______ frightened her.

A. that B. / C. what D. who

解析: 例1意爲:“她聽到一個可怕的聲音,這使她感到恐懼。”that不能用於引導非限制性定語從句,故選B。例2意爲:“她聽到了一個使她恐懼的可怕聲音。”引導修飾noise的限制性定語從句可以用which或that來引導,故選A。

2. 先行詞爲reason時,限制性定語可以用why或for which來引導;非限制性定語從句則只能用for which來引導。

例3.I had told them the reason, ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.

A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why

例4I had told them the reason ______ I didn’t attend the meeting.

A. when B. which C. why D. for that

解析: 例3意爲:“我早已把理由告訴了他們,於是我沒有出席會議。”先行詞爲reason時,非限制性定語從句應用for which引導,故選A。例4意爲:“我已經把沒有出席會議的.原因告訴了他們。”the reason why...是常見搭配,答案爲C。

3. 引導限制性定語從句的關係代詞在從句中擔任賓語時可以被省略;但引導非限制性定語從句的關係代詞即使作賓語也不能省略。

例 was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother,______ he loved and respected as his own mother.

A. as B. which C. / D. whom

解析: 本句意爲:“他急於去醫院看望他的繼母,他像對待親生母親一樣孝敬她。”關係代詞whom引導非限制性定語從句並作賓語,不能被省略,故選D。

4.引導限制性定語從句時並作從句賓語的關係代詞whom可以用who來代替;但在非限制性定語從句中,whom就不能用who替換。

例6. Do you know Tom, _____ we talked about?

A. which B. that C. whom D. who

例 American journalist ______ the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters. Which of the following is wrong?

A. who B. whom C. whose D. /

解析: 例6意爲:“你認識湯姆嗎? 我們談到過他。”應選C。例7意爲:“播音員在新聞廣播中提到的那位美國記者據說已遭歹徒殺害。下列哪一項是錯誤的?”關係代詞作mentioned的賓語且指人時,可用who/whom/that,在限制性定語從句中可省略,故C是錯的。

5.當非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句時,其關係代詞可以用as 和which,但位於舉句首不能用which,只能用as。此時非限制性定語從句可置於主句之前、之後或之中。

例8______ I expected, he didn’t believe me.

A. Which B. As C. That D. When

解析: 本句意爲:“正如我所預料的那樣,他不相信我的話。”非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句,應用as引導,故答案爲B。

例 was late for school,______ often happened.

A. as B. for which C. that D. why

解析: 本句意爲:“瑪麗上學遲到了,這是常有的事。”根據句意,關係代詞as引導的非限制性定語從句修飾前面的主句,其位置非常靈活,故答案爲A。

6. 由“介詞+關係代詞”引導非限制性定語從句,關係代詞指代整個主句時,不能用as,只能用which,因爲有介詞關係。

例 bought the car for more than $20,000,______ his father was angry.

A. about that B. with as C. when D. with which

解析: 本句意爲:“他花兩萬多美元買了這輛車,他父親對此很生氣。”which位於介詞with的後面,指代前面的主句,故答案爲D。

注意事項

1. which引導的非限定性定語從句是用來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分。

2. as有時也可用作關係代詞 。as引導非限制性定語從句,若as在從句中作主語,其引導的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。但which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放句中。

例句:

As is reported in the newspaper ,some artistic treasures(藝術珍品) will be on show at the exhibition (展覽品)on the weekend.

3. 在非限定性定語從句中,關係詞不能用that,和those。