whatever,whoever,whichever引導名詞性從句
一、基本用法概括
英語中的-ever 詞主要包括 whatever, whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however 等，其中可引導名詞性從句的主要有 whatever, whoever, whichever等，其中可引導Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">。這裏所說的名詞性從句主要指主語從句和賓語從句，它們通常不用於引導同位語從句，同時也很少用於引導表語從句。如：Whatever he said was right. 無論他說什麼都是對的。(引導主語從句)I don’t believe whatever he said. 無論他說什麼我都不信。(引導賓語從句)在某些特定的語境中，也可用於引導表語從句。如：
What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所擁有的一切。
二、whatever引導的名詞性從句
whatever的意思是“whatever所……的一切事或東西”，可視爲what的強調說法，其含義大致相當於anything that，whatever在從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語。如：Do whatever she tells you and you’ll have peace. 她叫你幹什麼你就幹什麼，那你就太平了。I don’t believe in letting children do whatever they like. 我不贊成讓孩子爲所欲爲。
Goats eat whatever food they can find. 山羊找到什麼食物就吃什麼食物。
三、whoever引導的名詞性從句
whoever的意思“任何……的人”，在意義上大致相當於 anybody who。whoever在從句中可用作主語或賓語。如：I’ll take whoever wants to go. 誰想去我就帶誰去。Whoever says that is a liar. 說那話的人是個騙子。She can marry whoever she chooses. 她願意嫁誰就嫁誰。I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 誰想要這票，我就把它給誰。Tell whoever you like — it makes no difference to me. 你愛告訴誰就告訴誰吧，對我是無所謂的。注：whoever既用作主語也可用作賓語(作賓語時不宜用whomever，因爲在現代英語中whomever已幾乎不用)。另外，注意以下受漢語意思影響而弄錯的'句子：誰贏了都可以獲獎。PAN>誤：Who wins can get a prize.誤：Anyone wins can get a prize. 正：Whoever wins can get a prize.
正：Anyone who wins can get a prize.
四、whichever引導的名詞性從句
man'"whichever的意思“……的那個人或事物”，在意義上大致相當於 the person or the thing that。whichever在從句中可用作主語、賓語或定語。如：You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜歡哪個就挑哪個。Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你們誰第一誰就能得獎。We'll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪個飯館有空桌我們就在哪兒吃吧。
Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking. 我們當中無論哪個先到家，哪個就先開始做飯。
五、引導狀語從句的用法
whatever, whoever, whichever除用於引導的名詞性從句外，還可用於引導狀語從句，分別相當於 no matter what, no matter who, no matter which。如：I’ll stand by you whatever [=no matter what] happens. 無論如何我都支持你。Whoever [=No matter who] wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy. 不管誰要我接電話，就說我現在正忙。Whichever [=No matter which] you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管買哪個都有六個月的保修期。
