become,grow,go,get,run,turn等系動詞辨析及搭配用法
常見的“變成”類系動詞有become, get, come, go, grow, fall, turn, run等,都表示從一種狀態到另一種狀態。儘管意思都差不多,但搭配有差別,若不注意,運用時會出錯。我們要注意以下幾個方面。
1. 形容詞作表語。
go和come是一對相反的詞。''go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情,而''come+adj.''表示好的事情。如:
In hot weather, meat goes bad. Things will come righ in the end.
go與come前面的主語一般是物。如: 誤:She goes famous. 正:She becomes(gets) famous.
表語爲mad,crazy(古怪的),blind, lame或表示顏色的'詞,go前面的主語可以是人。如:
He went mad. Hearing this, she went red.
run後面接short,dry, low, deep等詞,主語多爲能流動,能消耗掉的東西。如:
Their money was running short. Still waters run deep.
但wild作表語,主語可以是人,如: Don't let the children run wild.
grow與run相對,接表示人或物特徵的靜態形容詞,也接表示天氣的形容詞,側重於“逐漸變成”。如:The girl grew thinner and thinner. Soon the sky grew light.
turn多接表示顏色的形容詞,也接表示天氣的形容詞,它側重變得與以前完全不同。如:
The man turned blue with fear. The weather suddenly turned much colder.
fall接asleep, silent等靜態形容詞和表示疾病的形容詞,但不能接形容詞比較級。如: She fell ill froom cold.
(誤)She fell from cold. (正)She got worse.
fall short(沒中),fall apart(散開),fall flat(沒效果),可作成語記住。
''get+adj.''是口語,用得廣泛,get能替代become, become較正式,get與become前面的主語既可以是人又可以是物。如: He became(got) angry. His coat has become(got) badly torn.
get較多地與形容詞比較級連用。如: The days are getting longer and longer.
注意:become一般不用於“將來成爲”的意思。如(誤)I hope you will become well.(正)I hope you will get well.
2. become, turn, get, go, fall能用名詞作表語,其它的則不能。如:
His dream has become(got) a reality. He has turned scientist. He has gone socialist.
He fell(a) victim to cancer.
注意:go, turn後面的名詞通常不帶冠詞。
3. become, get, grow能接過去分詞,並且come和go多接有否定前綴的過去分詞。“get+過去分詞”表示一次行爲:“become+過去分詞”表示事情發生的最後結果。如:
The string comes untied. His report went unnoticed. The fence gets white——washed every year.
She became engaged as a typist.
4. get, go, come能接現在分詞,不過它們已失去“成爲”的意思。如:
They went in and got chatting together.(開始) We often go swimming.(去) He came running in(來)
5. come, grow, get能接不定式,這種結構表示變化過程,come表示“最終變得”get表示“由不……變得”,grow表示“漸漸變得”如:
I've really come to love this place. Mary's growing to be more and more like her mother. You'll soon get to like it.
這種結構不能用於帶有一段時間的完成時態。如:
(誤)They have got to know each other for years. (正)They have known each other for years.
6. 它們都可以接介詞短語,固定搭配需要一個一個地記。如:
They ran out of money. The problem will come un