高一英語改錯技巧

“短文改錯”題是各類考試中的一個重要題型。儘管該題難度不大,但仍有一些同學在做此類題目時不得要領,接下來小編蒐集了高一英語改錯技巧,歡迎查看,希望幫助到大家。

高一英語改錯技巧

高一英語改錯技巧

一、查時態是否一致

時態錯誤幾乎是每年NMET短文改錯中必設的改錯題。要有目的地去檢查文中的每一個謂語動詞的時態與上下文、語境以及該句的時間狀語是否相符和一致。

例如: Today, it is mucheasier to be healthy than it is in the past. (NMET' 93) is 應改爲was,使之與時間狀語in the past一致。

二、查主謂是否一致

在檢查謂語動詞的時態和語態是否正確的同時,還要注意檢查該動詞在人稱和數上是否與主語保持了一致。例如:

1. Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.(NMET' 94)cost應改爲costs,因其主語是it(爲形式主語),且上下文均爲一般現在時。

new boy or girl in school quickly become one of theclass…(NMET'93)由or連接的兩個以上的主語應由靠近謂語的主語來決定謂語的單複數形式,故become應改爲becomes。

主謂語一致的情況較爲複雜,考生平時學習要留心歸納。有些特殊句式的主謂一致問題很容易被忽視,如倒裝句、關係代詞在定語從句中做主語的情況等,答題時要高度重視。

三、查指代是否一致

對於短文中出現的每一個代詞都要查一下它所指代的內容以及在句中的作用,注意其數、格、詞性是否正確和前後一致,包括人稱代詞、指標代詞、反身代詞、關係代詞以及疑問代詞等。指代錯誤也是大學聯考改錯題中常設的改錯題。例如:

1. We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been toEurope…(NMET'92)根據上下文,句中的They屬指代不一致,應改爲We。

2. The game speaks for themselves. ( MET'90) 句中的反身代詞themselves應改爲單數itself,因爲指代的是單數主語the game。

四、查平行結構是否平行一致

由and,or,but,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only …but also…,as well as等並列連詞和詞組連接的結構可稱爲平行結構。平行結構在詞性、時態、非謂語動詞的形式上往往要求前後一致。答題時要留心平行結構前後是否對等平行,這也是常設的錯誤。

例如:Modern people know…,have better food,and to live in cleaner surroundings. (NMET'93)應將 to live前的to刪掉,因爲and連接的是know,have,live三個並列平行的謂語動詞,其時態和形式必須一致。

五、查名詞的單複數與修飾詞語或上下文是否一致

名詞數的錯誤也是大學聯考常設的改錯題。要查一下名詞是否可數,與其修飾語是否一致。例如:

1.…They have been to Europe many time. (NMET'92)time(次)顯然與修飾語many不一致,應改爲times。

2.(They) … asked me lots of question.(NMET'96)question 是可數名詞,其修飾詞是lots of,當然應該用複數questions。

六、查行文邏輯是否一致

查這方面的錯誤應從文章整體內容出發,通篇考慮,以行爲單位是難以發現這種錯誤的。邏輯不一致主要是由肯定與否定、關聯詞語以及動詞(如come與go,take與bring)的誤用所造成的,應多從這方面去查找。例如:

1. Most people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to ahospital since they are ill.(NM ET'93)根據行文邏輯,這裏不應該由since來引導原因狀語從句,而應該是when/whenever或if來引導時間或條件狀語從句。

2. We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (NMET'91)根據行文邏輯,表示並列關係的and 應改爲表示轉折關係的but。

改錯類型彙總

1、從句

一、考點規律分析

短文改錯對從句引導詞的考查主要涉及根據句意正確選用引導詞、引導詞的誤加與漏用、將不是從句的東西誤認爲是從句而誤加引導詞等。

二、真題單句歸納

(1)However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. (there 改爲 where,where 在此引導定語從句) (全國卷)

(2) I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (去掉 when 或將 when 改爲 that/which,因這裏的定語從句中謂語動詞(spent)缺賓語,故只能用關係代詞 that或將其省略)

(3) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (where 改爲 which,因此處要填關係代詞作主語) (全國卷)

(4) It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (we 前加 when,時間狀語從句缺少連詞引導) (全國卷)

(5) I have a good friend who‘s name is Liu Mei. (who’s 改爲 whose,因who‘s=who is,不僅結構錯誤,而且意思也不通;whose 引導定語從句,表示“……的”)(福建卷)

2、並列連詞

一、考點規律分析

短文改錯對並列連詞的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等幾個表示並列、轉折、選擇、因果等關係的詞語。嚴格說來,這類錯誤主要屬於行文邏輯的錯誤。

二、真題單句歸納

(1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (and 改爲 but,因此處語意轉折)

(2) She was smiling but nodding at me. (but 改爲 and,因此處並無轉折之意(全國)

(3) It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (and 改爲 or,a visitor 和 a guest 應是選擇關係,意思是“好像我的父母親把我當作一個來訪者或一個客人”)

(4) The food was expensive and the service was good. (and 改爲 but,此處意義發生轉折)

(5) My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.(but 改爲and,此處表示並列,而不是轉折) (江蘇卷)

3、代詞

一、考點規律分析

短文改錯對代詞的考查主要涉及人稱代詞的前後一致性(包括指代的一致性和單複數的一致性)、人稱代詞的主格與賓語變化、各類代詞的誤加與漏用(尤其是一些易受漢語影響的結構)、某些不定代詞的用法(尤其是在意思上用錯)、代詞在某些習語中的用法等。

二、真題單句歸納

(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (去掉 it,因它與其前的關係代詞 which 語義重複) (全國卷)

(2) And I can‘t forget the good food you cooked for I. (I 改爲 me,因介詞之後的人稱代詞要用賓格) (全國卷)

(3) For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put them in a secret place I couldn‘t find. (them 改爲it,因它指代上文提到的a chocolate cake) (北京春季卷)

(4) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own (your 改爲 their,主語是 more and more people,故用代詞their)(浙江卷)

(5) What‘s more, you have to be friendly with your pupils and take good care of him. (him 改爲 them,因爲此處要代替的是 your pupils) (湖北卷)

4、名詞

一、考點規律分析

短文改錯的名詞考點主要涉及名詞的單複數問題,即在該用複數的地方誤用其單數,或在該用單數的地方誤用其複數。

二、真題單句歸納

(1) There are branch library in many villages. (library 改爲 libraries,因其前的謂語are爲複數) (全國卷)

(2) Today I visited the Smiths — my first time visit to an American family. (去掉time,因first 已含有“次”的意思) (全國卷)

(3) …so that I‘ll get good marks in all my subject. (subject 改爲 subjects,請注意前面的 all) (全國卷)

(4) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet. (minute改爲minutes,因爲a few後面的名詞一定是複數) (廣西卷)

(5) Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well. (knowledges改爲knowledge,因 knowledge是不可數名詞,沒有複數形式) (湖北卷)

5、冠詞

一、考點規律分析

短文改錯對冠詞的考查主要涉及冠詞的誤加和漏用,有時也考查不定冠詞與定冠詞以及零冠詞的用法區別(包括 a 與 an 的區別)。其中,涉及最多的是,當一個單數可數名詞表示泛指時,其前漏用不定冠詞;另外,冠詞在一些習語中的用法也是一個重要考點。

二、真題單句歸納

(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (a 改爲 an,因 hour 讀音以元音開頭) (全國卷)

(2) I‘ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. (wonderful 前加 a,該表達與 have a good time 類似,其中的 a 不可省)(北京春季卷)

(3) As everyone knows, it‘s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.(在 famous 前加 a,注意 mountain 是單數可數名詞) (全國卷)

(4) When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. (boy 前加 a,因 boy 爲可數名詞) (江蘇卷)

(5) My grandma was the best cooker in the world and could make the most delicious dishes. (cooker 改爲cook,比較:cook=炊事員,cooker=炊具) (江蘇卷)

6、形容詞與副詞

一、考點規律分析

短文改錯對形容詞與副詞的考查主要涉及形容詞和副詞比較等級的誤用(尤其是在本身已是比較級的'詞前誤加more)、形容詞與副詞的混用(如修飾動詞時誤用形容詞或修飾名詞時誤用副詞)等,另外,用作表語時該用形容詞的卻誤用了名詞、簡短副詞(如 in, down 等)的誤加與漏用、涉及形容詞搭配的as…as 結構、how 與 what 的混用等也是常考的考點。

二、真題單句歸納

(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (frightening 改爲 frightened,因它表示某人感到害怕,而不是令人害怕) (全國卷)

(2) I‘m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. (wonderfully 改爲 wonderful,因它是放在名詞前作定語) (全國卷)

(3) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (Unfortunate 改爲 Unfortunately,因此處要求用副詞作狀語) (全國卷)

(4)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. (quietly 改爲quiet,and連接並列成分quite和shy) (全國卷)

(5) She called 119 immediate. (immediate改爲immediately,用作狀語,要用副詞)

7、介詞

一、考點規律分析

短文改錯對介詞的考查主要涉及在及物動詞後接賓語時誤加介詞和在不及物動詞後接賓語時漏加介詞、可直接用作狀語的副詞短語前誤加介詞、介詞與其他詞的常用搭配、常用介詞的基本用法、習語中的介詞用法等。

二、真題單句歸納

(1) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改爲 of,catch sight of是習語,意爲“看見”) (全國卷)

(2) When I have free time I go a long walk.(go 後加 for,go for a walk 是習語(全國)

(3) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (for 改爲 of,注意句型 It‘s kind of sb to do sth) (全國卷)

(4) I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (去掉 at,the moment 在此用作連詞,相當於 as soon as)(全國卷)

(5) I feel sorry to him. (to 改爲 for,be / feel sorry for sb 意爲“爲某人感到難過”)

8、動詞

一、動詞考點規律分析

動詞考點歸納的是除動詞時態與非謂語動詞之外的動詞考點,它包括被動語態、情態動詞、動詞形式的變化、動詞用法辨析、動詞 be 的誤加與漏用等。

二、真題單句歸納

(1)Books may be keep for four weeks. (keep 改爲 kept,因此處要用被動語態(全國)

(2) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (eager 前加were,因此處缺謂語動詞) (全國卷)

(3) I‘d like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (to 後加 be / become,因 would like後要接不定式,根據句意此處應加 be / become)(全國卷)

(4) There will an important game next month. (will 後加be,此處缺謂語動詞)

(5)We were all left home at an early age. (去掉were,因句中已有謂語動詞left,“我們離開家”又是主動,不能再加be) (天津卷)

9、時態

一、考點規律分析

動詞時態考點主要涉及一般現在時與一般過去的區別,其命題方式通常是在一個一般現在時的背景下誤用某個一般過去時;或者反過來,在一個一般過去時的背景下誤用某個一般現在時。從所涉及的動詞來看,主要涉及be 和 have兩個常用動詞。有時也涉及其他時態,如一般將來時,現在完成時等,但很少見。

二、真題單句歸納

(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop…(stop改爲stopped)

(2) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改爲calmed)(全國卷)

(3) He said he is busy. (is 改爲 was) (北京春)

(4) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbor‘s house. (find改爲 found) (福建卷)

(5) I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改爲 was) (湖北卷)

10、非謂語動詞

一、考點規律分析

短文改錯對非謂語動詞的考查主要涉及不定式符號 to 的有無,介詞後該使用動詞的什麼形式(用動名詞),並列結構中幾個非謂語動詞是否一致,動詞用作主語時用何種形式(可用動名詞或不定式,但不能用動詞原形)等。

二、真題單句歸納

(1) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (have改爲having,因爲介詞後接動名詞作賓語) (全國卷)

(2) I look forward to hear from you soon. (hear改爲 hearing,因爲其前的 to 是介詞)

(3) I‘ll spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. (prepare 改爲 preparing,因爲它與其前的 reading 並列,與其前所用的動詞 spend 有關) (北京春季卷)