華東師範大學碩士，主攻英語教學法方向。十幾年來，先後在大學和各知名外語培訓機構執教，教授大學英語四六級、專四專八、考研英語、中高級口譯、託福雅思等課程，積累了豐富的英語教學經驗和方法，幫助大量學生順利通過了考試，同時又培養了一大批青年骨幹英語教師隊伍。
以下爲廖懷寶老師爲大家分享的英語四級寫作方法。
一、 大綱解讀
(一) 具體要求
全國大學英語四、六級考試委員會2007年出版的《大學英語四級考試大綱(2006修訂版)》(以下簡稱《大綱》)對寫作的具體要求是：寫作選用考生所熟悉的題材；考生根據規定的題目和所提供的提綱、情景、圖片或圖表等，寫出一篇不少於120詞的短文；要求思想表達準確、意義連貫、無嚴重語法錯誤；考試時間爲30分鐘。
(二) 評分原則
CET作文采用總體評分法(Global Marking)，主要從內容和語言兩個方面進行綜合評判。語言和內容是一個統一體，內容上，作文應切題，充分表達思想；語言上，作文應使用清楚而準確的語言。
(三) 考覈內容
考綱中規定寫作部分考覈的技能包括：①思想表達：表達中心思想；表達重要或特定信息；表達觀點、態度等。②篇章組織：圍繞所給的題目敘述、議論或描述，突出重點；連貫的組句成段，組段成篇。③語言運用：運用恰當的詞彙；運用正確的語法；運用合適的句子結構；使用正確的標點符號；運用銜接手段表達句間關係(如對比、原因、結果、程度、目的等)。④寫作格式：運用正確的符合英語表達習慣的寫作格式。
(四) 常考體裁
縱觀近10年的大學英語四級考試，中文提綱式作文佔70%左右，其他題型涉及圖表作文、應用文(寫信爲主)。目前，四級作文題型還是主要考中文提綱式作文，圖片作文至今沒考過。
二、 寫作方法
(一) 如何開篇
(1) 現象入題：以介紹某一社會現象或熱點引出文章主題。例如：
As the pace of life continues to increase, we’re facing more stress than ever before.
Recently, the problem of piracy has become the focus of public concern.
It is indeed the case that the problem of waste on campus is becoming increasingly serious.
(2) 觀點入題：以某一種觀點或以兩種對立的觀點引出文章主題。例如：
There arises a controversial topic as to whether it is necessary for a college student to take CET6. Views on the issue in question vary widely. Quite a few students think it unnecessary to take CET6. They hold this view because CET6 is not compulsory and they can get a degree so long as they pass CET4. However, I think it necessary and beneficial to take CET6. The reasons for this can be addressed as follows.
Although some people claim that information technology will make people less creative, I believe that whether the Internet will enhance or impair people’s creativity depends totally on how they use it.
(3) 釋圖開頭：對考題給定的圖表進行描述，引出文章主題。例如：
The chart shows a rapid increase in the average number of hours a student spent on a computer per week in a university between 1990 and 2000. In 1990, a student spent only about 2 hours a week on a computer while in 1995 this figure rose to 4 hours. In 2000, however, the average number of hours spent by a student soared to 20 hours.
(4) 引用開頭：利用名人名言或諺語引出文章主題。例如：
“Honesty is the best policy”, as an old English saying goes. Being a lofty virtue, it is supposed to be cherished by people from all walks of life. However, there are a lot of cases of dishonesty in a wide range of circles in our daily life. In business, for instance, some world famous corporations have committed some immoral blunders and cheated their employees and stockholders. In political circle, some officials abuse their power to get illegal money. And at college, some dishonest students cheat on exams for higher scores. All these have brought about a negative effect on social morality.
(二) 如何展開
(1) 列舉法：把所要包含的寫作內容要點羅列起來，逐一論述。列舉不要過三，多了就顯得囉嗦，且容易出錯。以下是不同層次的連接詞：
firstly, first of all, to begin with, ...
also, besides, meanwhile, moreover, furthermore, what’s more, ...
finally, last but not least, ...
(2) 舉例法：在段落中,作者運用實際的例子來證明自己觀點的`方法。舉例不要過二，多了有故意增加字數的嫌疑。常用於舉例的過渡詞語和結構有：
for example, for instance
such (as)
A case in point is ...
Another good example is that ...
(3) 因果法：通過分析原因和結果來進行論證。常用於因果法的詞(組):
cause, raise, trigger, ignite, fuel, spark, inflame, incur, provoke, evoke, generate, ...
arise from, stem from, derive from, result from, lie in, be attributed to, ...
lead to, contribute to, bring about, result in, ...
because of, owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, ...
as a result, for this reason, therefore, hence, so, consequently, accordingly, ...
(4) 對比法：包括比較(comparison)和對照(contrast)。比較是指出兩個人或事物的相同點，對照是指出兩個人或事物的不同點。常用於對比的詞(組)和結構：
likewise, similarly, in the same way, ...
be similar to, be identical to, be the same as, ...
however, on the contrary, on the other hand, by contrast, ...
conversely, unfortunately, unluckily, unhappily, ...
be different in that ...
while, whereas, but, ...
(三) 如何結尾
(1) 發表看法:表明自己的態度和看法。常用的詞(組)和結構：
in my opinion, to my mind, ...
as far as I’m concerned, ... / It is my viewpoint that ...
(2) 得出結論：得出作者的結論，再現或強調文章的主題。常用詞(組)和結構：
to sum up, to conclude, to say it briefly, in a word, in short, in conclusion, ...
It may be concluded that ... / It may be learned from the above that ...
(3) 提出建議：提出建議和打算。常用的詞(組)和結構：
It is, therefore, suggested that, ...
I suggest that ...
三、 高分絕招
(一) 插入成分
使用插入成分，增加語言的地道性。
To enlarge one’s vocabulary, I believe, is not the most important for improving writing ability.
There is, as has been suggested, a growing body of research literature in journalism and broadcasting.
In China, however, students get financial support mostly from their parents.
The bridge between people, though invisible, plays an important role in our life.
Our knowledge of social systems, therefore, while it is in many ways extremely inaccurate, is not likely to be seriously overturned by new discoveries.
The unclear reactor represents an enormous step in our scientific evolution and, whatever the anti-nuclear group says, it is wrong to expect a return to more primitive sources of fuel.
(二) 名言諺語
引用名言諺語，既能論述觀點又能增加篇幅。
As a good saying goes, “a good beginning makes a good ending.”
Just as an ancient Chinese proverb says, “to err is human.”
It is quite often said that a friend to everybody is a friend to nobody.
Just as a famous educator says, “we learn not at school, but in life.”
To sum up, honesty is a virtue, which is valuable both in our daily life and in the ever-changing modern world. As Benjamin Franklin put it, “Honesty is the best policy.”
(三) 被動結構
多用被動結構，力顯英語特點。
It is generally accepted that production highly correlates to consumption.
It can never be denied that men enjoy superiority over women in such fields as job-hunting, product-developing.
Greater importance should be attached to agricultural development.
More emphasis should be laid on maritime industry.
(四) 倒裝結構
適當使用倒裝，可以增加句型的多樣性。
Only through much extensive reading can we achieve good results in reading comprehension.
So enormous are the differences between dialects that even people from neighboring areas have great trouble understanding each other.
(五) 從屬結構
使用從屬結構，既突出主句又增加篇幅。
Although the article is very useful and informative, it is much too academic for the average reader.
Whatever happens to the Google share price, the firm’s innovation is a glorious thing.
When he graduate from university, he is determined to pursue his own business.
While much is known about what occurs during sleep, the precise function of sleep and its different stages remains largely in the realm of assumption.
(六) 並列結構
使用並列結構，既能突出句型變化又能起到強調作用。
It is generally accepted that production decides consumption and that consumption stimulates production.
Many people believe that nuclear energy provides an inexhaustible and economical source of power and that it is therefore essential of an industrially developing society.
Some people are learning the laws not only to abide by them but also to take advantage of them.
Most of these books stress the “how to” aspects of journalistic interviewing rathter than the conceptual aspects of the interview.
四、 應試建議
(1) 多背質量高的範文，在訓練中多模仿使用自己容易掌握的詞(組)、句型、修辭等。
(2) 看到題目先審題，花點時間想想整體怎麼行文安排。實行新題型後，寫作放在第一道題。通常在發下答題卡到考試正式開始還有幾分鐘，足以用來打打腹稿。想好了以後一氣呵成。
(3) 注意書寫工整，不要亂塗亂改，給判卷人一個好印象。
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