英語語法之定語從句詳解

用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞(有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分)而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句.

英語語法之定語從句詳解

一.詞引導的定語從句 1. 關係代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞

句子成分 用於限制從句或非限制性從句 只用於限制性從句

代替人 代替物 代替人或物

主語 Who which that

主語 Whom which that

賓語 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)

例1:This is the detective who came from London.

例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.

例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.

例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.

2.關係代詞的用法

(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞,關係代詞一般只用that,不用which.例如:

All the people that are present burst into tears.

(2) 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等詞修飾,關係代詞常用that,不用which, who,或whom.例如:

(3) 非限制性定語從句中,不能用關係代詞that,作賓語用的關係代詞也不能省略.例如:

There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.

(4) which還有一種特殊用法,它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句,代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念.在這種從句中,which可以作主語,也可以作賓語或表語,多數情況下意思是與and this 相似,並可以指人.例如:

He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

(5) that可指人或物,在從句中作表語,(指人作主語時多用who)僅用於限制性定語從句中.

(6) which可作表語,既可指人,以可指物.指人時,一般指從事某種職業或是有種特徵.品性或才能的人h引導的定語從句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的.

(7) 如果作先作詞的'集體名詞着眼於集體的整體,關係代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員,則用who.

(8) 先行詞有兩個,一個指人,一個指物,關係代詞應該用that.例如:

The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.

(9) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關係代詞應該用 who 或whom,不用 which.例如:

Is there anyone here who will go with you?3.“介詞+關係代詞“是一個普遍使用的結構

(1) “介詞+關係代詞“可以引導限制性定語從句,也可以引導非限制性定語從句.“介詞+關係代詞“結構中的介詞可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,關係代詞只可用whom或 which,不可用 that .

(2) from where爲“介詞+關係副詞“結構,但也可以引導定語從句.例如:

We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..

(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語動詞,在定語從句中一般不宜將介詞與動詞分開.例如:

This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

二.關係副詞引導的定語從句

1.關係副詞也可以引導定語從句

關係副詞在從句中分別表示時間..地點或原因.關係副詞when在從句中充當時間狀語,where 充當地點狀語,why充當原因狀語.

2. that可引導定語從句表示時間.地點或原因

That有時可以代替關係副詞 when, where 或者why引導定語從句表示時間.地點或原因,在 that引導的這種定語從句中,that也可以省去.

三.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句

1.二者差異比較

制定語從句緊跟先行詞,同先行詞這間一般不加逗號,僅修飾先行詞,可以由關係代詞.關係副詞或that來引導.非限制性定語從句僅作補充或說明,用逗號與主句隔開,既可修飾先行詞,又可修飾整個主句,不可用that引導.

2.關係代詞和關係副詞的選擇依據

(1) 弄清代替先行詞的關係詞在從句中作什麼成分,作狀語的應選用關係副詞,作主語.賓語或表語的可選用關係代詞.

3. 先行詞與定語從句隔離

定語從句一般緊跟在先行詞之後,但定語從句與先行詞之間有時也會插入別的成分,構成先行詞與定語從句的隔離.例如:

1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about..

2) He was the only person in this country who was invited

四.As在定語從句中的用法

1. 引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

(1)as多與such 或the same連用,可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞.

(2)as 也可單獨使用,引導非限制性定語從句,作用相當於which.例如:

The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.

3)the same… that與 the same …as在意思上是不同的.

2.As引導的非限制性定語從句的位置

as引導的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活,可以位於主句前面.中間或後面,一般用逗號與主句隔開,但which所引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之後.例如:

(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.

(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.