1. 試用籠統詞
英語語言中籠統詞有have, take 等,籠統詞的重要特點在於意義廣泛,搭配性強,構成詞組後可以替代衆多具體動詞。雖然不能精確表達一個動作,卻能大致表達意思。在一些具體動詞寫不出來的時候,用這些籠統詞取代,也能收到異曲同工的效果。
例如:我經歷了一個極其艱苦的時代。
I experienced a terrible hard time.
這一句中,experience被遺忘時,用have代替,成爲:I had a terrible hard time. 其效果及表達的意義決不亞於第一句。這樣的例子還很多。如:
Do you understand my meaning, sir? = Do you take my meaning, sir?
I will preside over the meeting. = I will take the meeting.
I will subscribe to the local newspaper. = I will take the local newspaper.
They occupied the city. = They took the city.
The boy resembles his father. = The boy takes after his father.
從以上的例句不難看出,具體詞音節較多,使用頻率不高,容易遺忘,而籠統詞則不然。因此,在作文應試中,籠統詞取代具體詞,不失爲一種應急良策。
2. 聯想有關詞彙
當遺忘產生時,或遇到未曾學過的詞時,應採取放射性思維,發揮想象力,想出一切與之有關的單詞,利用語言的內在聯繫,多層次,多角度地運用語言。一般情況下,聯想可按下列思路進行:1聯想同義詞;2聯想反義詞。
英語語言中衆多的同義詞在許多情況下是可以通用的。利用這一規律,由於某個單詞受阻而影響全篇寫作的情況便不會出現。試看下列句子:
I had a nightmare last night. = I had a bad dream last night.
Nightmare 使用頻率不太高,因此不太好記。而其同義詞bad dream 卻很容易記。以後者取代前者絲毫不影響原句的'意義。再比如:I don‘t understand this word. 也可以說成 I don’t know this word.
又如:
He is stupid. = He is foolish. = He is a fool. = He is silly.
The food is delicious. = The food is tasty. = The food is nice to eat.
They discontinued the work at five. = They stopped the work at five.
英語語言中詞與詞之間是有聯繫的,詞與詞之間語義的“共核”現象即所謂的同義詞。豐富的同義詞給我們提供了極大的方便。
同樣,用其反義詞來取代某一遺忘了的詞也是可行的,請看下面的例子:
He is stubborn. = He is not tame.
The knife is blunt. = The knife is not sharp.
This is expensive. = This is not cheap.
She is talkative. = She is never quiet.
3. 試用解釋性語句
語言的功能在於表達,而表達的方式是多種多樣的。當一個詞影響到??以溝通。英語當中多功能解釋性語句,就可以起到這一作用。請看下面的句子:
He is a dumb. = He is a person who can not speak.
He refused. = He said “no”.
I‘ve never seen such a stubborn person. = I’ve never seen such a person who never listens to other‘s advice.