英語中有多種結構可用來表示未曾實現的意圖、安排和希望，現歸綱如下：
一 . 用“ Was / Were going to + 動詞原形”表示未曾實現的意圖或打算。例如：
1. I was going to see you last night， but the heavy rain prevented me.
昨晚我本來要來看你，但一場大雨使我來不了了。
2. I was going to finish my article yesterday evening， but my friend arrived， so I did not have time.
昨晚我本來打算寫完我的文章，但我的朋友來了，所以我沒時間寫完。
二 . 用“ Was / Were to + 動詞不定式完成式”表示未曾實現的安排。例如：
1. He was to have given the first talk， but he came late.
他本來要第一個發言，但他來晚了。
2. The plain was to have taken off at six， but something went wrong.
飛機本來在六點鐘起飛，但出了故障。
三 . 用 think， expect， suppose， hope believe 等動詞的.過去完成時，後接賓語從句表示未實現的意圖、打算或希望等。例如：
1. Peter had thought the plain would have taken off by the time he arrived at the airport.
彼得原以爲在他到達機場時飛機可能已經起飛了。
2. They had hoped that they would be able to see more of Beijing， but time didn’t permit.
他們本來希望在北京多看些地方，但時間不允許。
四 . 用 intend， want， plan， hope， expect 等動詞的一般過去時，後接不定式的完成式；或用這些動詞的過去完成式，後接不定式一般式來表示未實現的意圖，打算或希望等。例如：
1. I had intended / wanted / planned / expected to see you off at the airport but got there too late. = I intended / wanted / planned / expected to have seen you off， but I got there too late.
我本來要到機場送你，但到達那裏已太遲了。
五 . 用“情態動詞 + 不定式完成式”結構表示未實現的意圖，打算或希望。
1. “ should / ought to have done ”表示過去應該做而實際上沒有做到，其否定形式則表示過去不該做而實際上做了的動作（含有責備意味）。例如：
（ 1 ） You should / ought to have come here ten minutes ago.
你本應該十分鐘以前就到這裏來。
（ 2 ） You shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have told him about it.
你本不該把這件事告訴他。
2. “ could have done ”表示過去可能發生但事實上未發生的動作。例如：
（ 1 ） He could have turned to her for help.
他本來可以向她求助的。
（ 2 ） Of course， she could have married him.
當然，她本來可以嫁給他的。
3. “ would have done ”表示過去想實現但實際上未實現的願望或要求。例如：
（ 1 ） The potatoes would have been better with a bit more salt.
這些土豆要是多加點鹽就好吃了。
（ 2 ） I would have come to say good-bye to you.
我本想來向你告別的。
4. “ should like to / would like to / would love to have done ”表示過去希望做但未做到的事。例如：
（ 1 ） We’d like to have gone to see the film， but we had no time.
我們本來想去看那部電影，但沒時間。
（ 2 ） We would love to have gone to the match， but the tickets were sold out.
5. “ had better + have done ”表示“最好……”。
“ would rather + have done ”表示“但願 / 寧願……”。例如：
（ 1 ） We had better have bought the book that day.
要是我們那天買了那本書就好了。（可惜沒買）
（ 2 ） I would rather have gone to the cinema.
昨晚我寧願去看電影。（實際沒去）
六 . “ with + 賓語從句”常用來表示未曾實現的或者不可能實現的願望，常譯爲“可惜……”，“……就好了”，“但願……”等。
1. 表示與現在事實相反，實現不了的願望。賓語從句中用過去時。例如：
I wish I were always young.
我希望我永遠年輕。
I wish I knwe how to ride a bicycle.
要是我會騎自行車就好了。
2. 表示與過去事實相反，未曾實現的願望。賓語從句中用過去完成時。
I wish I had taken his advice.
我要是接受了他的忠告就好了。
I wish you hadn’t accepted the job.
我真希望你沒有接受這項工作。
3. 表示與將來事實可能相反，不可能實現的願望。賓語從句中用過去將來時。
He wishes you would have the change to see it with your own eyes.
他希望你能夠有機會親眼看一下。
I wish it would be true.
但願這是真的。
