英語四級閱讀理解的題型解析

想要大學英語四級考試的閱讀理解部分能考高分,那就得先了解閱讀的各類題型。爲此本站小編爲大家解析大學英語四級考試的閱讀理解的各類題型。

英語四級閱讀理解的題型解析

  英語四級閱讀理解的題型:詞彙題

(1)、詞彙題表現形式

詞彙題一般會明確地告訴考生出題點在哪裏,不需要考生查找所考查內容。它可以考一個單詞的含義,一個詞組的意思,或者考一個句子的弦外之音。

(2)、詞彙題解題方法

詞彙題是考生得分率較低的一類題,因爲它需要考生從上下文中進行分析,推敲單詞背後的意思。問單詞或詞組的意思,加強調上下文邏輯分析;有時用轉折邏輯,但更多是利用並列邏輯,比如1997年1月份考題,

原文:This is the Shadowland of hope, and anyone with a dream must learn to live there.

60. “Shadowland”in the last sentence refers to .

A) the wonderland one often dreams about

B) the bright future that one is looking forward to

C) the state of uncertainty before one's final goal is reached

D) a world that exists only in one's imagination

此題解法有多種,其中可以利用並列關係來求解。首先,and後面的句子告訴我們“任何有夢想的人必須要學會在那裏生活”,這暗含了“那裏”不好的環境。再從and可知,兩個分句的邏輯是一致的,據此Shadowland也應該是不利的環境,故選擇C項。

考句子的含義,查找答案的方向還得做一個細分:如果句子簡單,一般在上下文中尋找答案;如果句子複雜,則更加傾向於在句子內部找答案。

(3)、詞彙題注意點

如果考簡單單詞,正確答案會與該單詞的常用意思沒有多大關係;如果考難詞,感覺很難有分析的線索時,就把四個選項代到原文中,使得原文邏輯正確,意思同學的爲正確答案;如果考句子的含義而導致分析完全沒有思路時,不妨結合文章問題來分析,可以體現主題,或與主題的邏輯一致,一般就是答案。

  英語四級閱讀理解的題型:推理題

1. 題型特點

該題型最大的兩個特點:(1)文章中往往沒有答題的依據;(2)一旦文中有依據,往往A,B,C,D表面上都對,很難判斷誰是誰非。

正確項特點:

(1)不是文中明確說明的內容,因爲即使符合原文,沒有引申或歸納總結的內容就不是正確選項; (2)如果四個選項全能憑常識判斷,其中含義深刻的是正確選項,有時唯一不是常識項的是正確選項。

干擾項的特點:

(1)只是原文的簡單複述,而非推斷出來的結論,把直接表達當成間接推理;

(2)看似從原文推斷出來的結論,然而實際上與原文不符,例如把原文的原因變成了選項中的結果,把原文的手段變成了選項中的目的;

(3)根據常識判斷是正確的,然而不是在文章事實或上下文邏輯基礎上推理而得出的'觀點,因此,考生要注意不能根據自己的主觀想法或生活經驗去推理,因爲命題者考查的是考生理解作者意圖的能力;(4)雖然以文章提供的事實或內在邏輯爲推理依據,但推理過頭,概括過度;(5)有部分選項的內容純屬編造,無中生有。

抓住三錯一對的關係,即有三個選項與原文相矛盾,只有一個符合原文的意思。

2. 標誌

題幹中出現下列詞彙之一:infer,conclude,imply,suggest,learn等。

3. 命題模式

推理引申題題幹中常有infer,imply,suggest,deduce,indicate,conclude等詞出現,常見的命題模式有:

(1) It can be inferred from the first paragraph that…

(2) Which of the following can(not)be inferred from the passage? (3) The author indicates in the passage that 。 (4) It can be concluded from the passage that 。 (5) We can infer(assume ,deduce) that。

(6) By…the author implied (suggests, indicates) that。

4. 做題關鍵

返回原文,將選項與原文一一進行比較。

5. 做題步驟

推理題的答案一般是這麼編寫的:

(1) 將原文的某句話換個說法,如換成同義詞。

(2) 將原文幾句話或一段話歸納一下,就是說以段落主題或句羣的論點爲答案。

(3) 由構成對比的一方推斷另一方。如果原文中提到兩個事物,二者形成對比,而且已知其中一個事物的特點,那麼可以推斷另一事物的特點。所以,找推理題的答案時要特別注意原文表示對比、比較或有轉折的地方,這些往往是出推理題的地方。

(4) 根據作者的態度進行推理。推理題如果涉及態度,一般應與作者的態度一致。正確答案應該支持作者的觀點或駁斥與作者相反的觀點。

6. 注意事項

(1) 考生在瀏覽全文時,一要留意那些似乎話中有話的間接表達句。它們往往採用說半句、打比喻、反過來講的方式,留有讓考生自己作結論或推理的餘地。二是留意含義深刻或結構複雜的長難句型。考生對作者表達的意思不能一下子看透,它們往往是命題點所在。

(2) 根據題乾的關鍵詞迅速搜索定位以便確定推理依據的範圍,利用語法、詞彙、語境線索,瞭解單句的含義,弄清上下文的邏輯關係,然後按題意進行推理。題目可能要求考生對某句話或數句話進行正確理解或釋義,也可能從某句話或某段話中深刻理解,分析一些細節事實。

7. 新趨勢

推理題按照難易可以分爲:簡單推理題和複雜推理題。而後一種推理題是近幾年命題的趨勢。

  英語四級閱讀理解的題型練習

Merchant and passenger ships are generally required to have a life preserver for every person aboard and in many cases, a certain percentage of smaller sizes for children. According to United States requirements, life preservers must design, reversible capable of being quickly adjusted to fit the uninitiated individual, and must be so designed as to support the wearer in the water in an upright or slightly backward position.

Sufficient buoyancy(浮力) to support the wearer should be retained by the life preserver after 48 hours in the water, and it should be reliable even after long period of storage. Thus it should be made of materials resistant to sunlight, gasoline, and oils, and it should be not easily set on fire.?The position in which the life preserver will support a person who jumps or falls into the water is most important, as is its tendency to turn the wearer in the water from a face-down position to an upright or slightly backward position, with his face clear of the water, even when the wearer is exhausted or unconscious.

The method of adjustment to the body should be simple, and self-evident to uninitiated persons even in the dark under the confused conditions, which follow a disaster. Thus, the life be reversible that it is nearly impossible to get it on wrong. Catches, straps, and ties should be kept to a minimum. In addition, the life preserver must be adjustable to the wide variety of shapes and sizes of wearers, since thisgreatly affects the position of floating and the self-righting qualities. A suitable life also be comfortable to wear at all times, in and out of the water, not so heavy as to encourage to take it off on shipboard while the ship is in danger, nor so burdensome that it hinders a person in the water while trying to swim.

1. The passage is mainly about____.

A) the uses of life preservers

B) the design of life preservers

C) the materials for life preservers

D) the buoyancy of life preservers

2. According to the passage, a life be first of all ____.

A) adjustable B) comfortable C) self-evident D) self-righting

3. United States Coast Guard does NOT require the life preserver to be made ____.

A) with as few strings as possible

B) capable of being worn on both sides

C) according to each wearer's size

D) comfortable and light to wear

4. By “the uninitiated individual” (Para. 1, Line. 4) the author refers to the person ____.

A) who has not been instructed how to use a life preserver

B) who has a little experience in using a life preserver

C) who uses a life preserver without permission

D) who becomes nervous before a disaster

5. What would happen if a person were supported by the life preserver in a wrong position?

A) The waves would move him backwards.

B) The water would choke him.

C) He would immediately sink to the bottom.

D) He would be exhausted or unconscious.

答案解析:

1. B。文章主要講述了救生衣的設計。間接題型段首主旨題。C項和D項都是對救生衣設計中設計材料的說明。A項爲陷阱,指救生衣的用途,儘管開頭提到,但範圍不着邊際。故只有B是正確選項。

2. D。根據文章,救生衣首先會自動扶正。事實細節題。本文第三段主要討論救生衣落水位置,應設計的能“自動扶正”,或稍向後仰。B項是對材料的描述,範圍太窄,而A和C不合題意,因此D是正確答案。

3. C。美國海岸巡邏隊不需要救生衣根據穿戴者的尺寸生產。事實細節題。A項和B項都涉及method,其相關部分見最後一段第三句,A,B,D三項都是文章中提及的,C項與本題無關的內容,因此應該選C。

4. A。“the uninitiated individual”作者指的是不知道怎麼使用救生衣的人。語義指代題。根據文章最後一段第一句,我們可推出“the uninitiated individual”就是指的那些不知道怎麼使用救生衣的人。故A是正確選項。

5. D。如果一個人沒有正確使用救生衣,就會發生什麼?細節辨別題。第三段第一句後半句中a face-down position和本題中的 in a wrong position相對應。因此選項D“他可能太累了或者是已經失去知覺”是正確答案。