現在分詞作定語從句

   形式作定語

現在分詞作定語從句

1. 現在分詞作前置定語時,在邏輯上與所修飾的名詞之間爲主謂關係,也可改成定語從句;如果與所修飾的名詞之間沒有主謂關係,定語相當於一個介詞for引導的短語。現在分詞位於所修飾的名詞之後做後置定語,與所修飾的名詞之間呈邏輯上的主謂關係,相當於一個定語從句。如:a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.

2. 現在分詞作定語往往表示“令人”,主動的或正在進行的動作。如:a moving film, a developing country.

  II. ing 形式作狀語

動詞-ing形式在句子中做狀語,表示的動作是主語動作的一部分,與謂語動詞表示的動作或狀態是同時或者幾乎同時發生的,經常可以做時間、原因、方式、條件、結果、目的、讓步狀語從句。句子的主語必須是狀語的邏輯主語;而且主語與作狀語的分詞之間呈邏輯上的主謂關係。

1.原因狀語,相當於原因狀語從句。

1)g ill, she didn’t go to school today.

因爲生病,她今天沒上學去。

2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.

看見沒有人在家,我決定再來一趟。

2. 時間狀語,相當於when, while等引導的從句。

1)ing the good news, he jumped with joy.

當聽到這個好消息時,他高興地跳了起來。

2)ing in the street, I saw a friend of mine.

當我走在街上時,我看到了我的朋友。

如果分詞短語表示的動作與謂語表示的動作同時發生,常在分詞短語前加上when或while。

3) careful when crossing the street.

過街時小心。

3. 伴隨狀語,與謂語所表示的動作同時發生。

1) sat at the table reading China Daily.

他坐在桌子旁看《中國日報》。

2)ing and smiling, they went into the room.

他們又說又笑地走進房間。

4. 結果狀語。

1) mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.

母親去世了,給她的孩子留下了一大筆錢。

5. 條件狀語。

Turning right, you will find the place you want.

往右轉彎,你就會找到你要找的地方了。

 III.現在分詞短語作狀語時,它的邏輯主語一般須與句子的主語一致。作狀語的分詞相當於一個狀語從句。

1)ng from the top of the hill, we can see our beautiful school.

從山頂望下去,我們就能看到我們美麗的學校。

但有時它也可以有自己獨立的邏輯主語,獨立主語=邏輯主語+現在分詞表示伴隨,時間、原因,條件。

2) people being absent, they decided to put the meeting off.

由於許多人都缺席了,他們決定取消這次會議。

  IV. 現在分詞的否定形式。

現在分詞的否定式:not+

完成式的否定式:not+ having done

Not having heard from her son for a long time, the mother worried a great deal.

由於很久沒有收到兒子的來信,這位母親很擔心。

  V. 現在分詞的時態和語態的用法。

1). 分詞一般式表示的動作和謂語動詞所表示的動作一般同時進行時,則用分詞的一般式形式。

He walked on the street, seeing back from time to time.

他走在街上,不時地向身後看看

2). 如果分詞所表示的動作先於謂語動詞發生,則用分詞的完成式形式。

Having finished his work, Henry went home.

完成了他的工作後,亨利回家了。

  語法聚焦預習自測

1._________ her telephone number, I couldn’t ring her up.由於不知道她的電話號碼,我無法打電話給她。

2. ____________________, we will go there on foot.

天氣好的話,我們將步行去那裏。

3.___________________, I met Mary.

上學時我遇見了瑪麗。

4. I turn off the light, ____________________.

我把燈關了,所以什麼也看不見。

5. _____________________, you will succeed. 努力工作,你就會成功。

6. _____________________ his le第一文庫網tter, I decided to write to him. 沒收到他的來信,我決定給他寫信。

7. The building __________(build) now is our new library.

8. __________________________(give) such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?

9. He stood, __________(lean) against the wall/

10. The song is sung all over the country, _______ (make) it the most popular song.

  答案:

1. Not knowing 2. Weather permitting

3. While going to the school 4. seeing nothing

5. Working hard 6. Not receiving 7. being built

8. Having been given 9. leaning 10. making

  課內探究案

  探究總結動詞-ing的用法

教學建議:如何判斷非謂語動詞的形式和動詞-ing的各種形式是重點,幫助學生形成判斷的依據和規則,注意v-ing作狀語時的特性:時間性、語態性和主語一致性。

1. 動詞的-ing形式做狀語時表示什麼含義?

______________________________________________

______________________________________________

答案:動詞-ing形式在句子中做狀語,表示的動作是主語動作的一部分,與謂語動詞表示的`動作或狀態是同時或者幾乎同時發生的,經常可以做時間、原因、方式、條件、結果、目的、讓步狀語從句。句子的主語必須是狀語的邏輯主語;而且主語與作狀語的分詞之間呈邏輯上的主謂關係。

2.動詞的-ing形式變化:

主動形式

被動形式

一般式

完成式

答案:

主動形式

被動形式

一般式

doing

being done

完成式

having done

having been done

3. 現在分詞的否定形式是什麼?

____________________________________________________________________________________________

答案:

現在分詞的否定形式:

現在分詞的否定式:not+

完成式的否定式:not+ having done

II. 學以致用

  一、詞彙運用

1. It rained heavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces.(2010 天津)

A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause

2. at my classmates' faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.(2010 北京)

A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked

3. The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms.(2010 江蘇)

A. enabling B. having enabled

C. to enable D. to have enabled

4 The lady walked around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.(2010 江西)

A keep B kept C keeping D to keep

5. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai province after the earthquake.(2010 福建)

A. sending B. to send

C. having sent D. to have sent

6. He had a wonderful childhood, _______with his mother to all corners of the world.(2010 安徽)

A. travel travel. C. traveled D. traveling

7. Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(2010 湖南)

A. struggling B. struggled

C. having struggled D. to struggle

8. The lawyer listened with full attention, to miss any point.(2010 四川)

A.not trying B.trying not

C.to try not D.not to try

9. The news shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.(2010 重慶)

A. having led B. ledC. leading D. to lead

  答案:

1. CAACA 6. DCBC

  Ⅲ.學貴有疑——我思考,我收穫!

學習建議:結合以上學習,請你用3-5分鐘的時間與同學自由質疑和答惑。

  Ⅳ.我的收穫——反思靜悟、體驗成功

——請寫出本堂課學習中,你認爲感悟最深的一至兩條收穫。