現在分詞代替定語從句

現在分詞是分詞的一種,分詞又分爲現在分詞和過去分詞,它們都是非限定動詞,現在分詞在句子裏面不能單獨充當謂語,但能充當其它的一些成分。下面是小編整理的現在分詞代替定語從句,歡迎大家閱讀參考,希望幫助到你。

現在分詞代替定語從句

 【定語從句改爲分詞短語的方法】

關係詞充當從句的主語時,如果謂語結構爲實詞,將關係代詞進行省略,而從句中的實詞要發生形式的改變。如果原本從句是一個主動語態,可以將動詞直接變成ing形式。如果原本謂語動詞是一個被動語態,可以直接保留過去分詞。如果謂語結構爲be+名詞,這時,可以將be動詞同時省略,將後面的名詞和前面從句所修飾的名詞構成同位語結構。

①若作主語的關係代詞之後有be動詞, 刪去關係代詞和be動詞即成分詞短語。

Watch the man whois coming this way.

=Watch the mancoming this way.

注意向這邊走來的那個人。

②若作主語的.關係代詞之後沒有be動詞而爲一般動詞,則刪去關係代詞,再將動詞改爲現在分詞。無論時態是不是過去時,都要改爲doing形式,如果主句時態是現在時,從句是過去時,則可以去掉關係代詞,加having,改一般過去時動詞爲done的形式,不過這種情況很少見。

Anyone who wishesto leave early may do so.

=Anyone wishing toleave early may do so.

任何想要早一點兒離開的人都可以離開。

③若做主的關係代詞之後有be動詞加過去分詞的被動語態,則去掉關係代詞以及be動詞。

An apple that iseaten belongs to me.

=An apple eatenbeongs to me.

這個被吃掉的蘋果是我的。

【狀語從句改爲分詞短語的方法】

①先將引導狀語從句的連接詞去掉。

②狀語從句的主語與主句的主語相同時,再把狀語從句的主語去掉, 如不相同則保留。

③任何動詞(包括be動詞)均改爲分詞(被動語態去掉be動詞爲過去分詞,進行時態,去掉be動詞爲現在分詞)。(如爲進行式,則須把be動詞去掉)

④分詞爲being和havingbeen時,可以把be省略掉。

⑤如遇到否定詞則放在分詞前。(否定詞+分詞)

⑥句子的其餘部分不變。

前後主語相同的情況:

After I had seenmy brother, I felt much relieved.

=Having seen mybrother, I felt much relieved.

見到哥哥之後,我覺得輕鬆多了。

As he is ill, hecan’t attend the meeting.

=Being ill, hecan’t attend the meeting.

他因病不能出席會議

When he was buyingthe book, he met an old friend.

=Buying the book,he met an old friend.

他買書的時候,遇到一位老朋友。

As he has beenpraised too much, he becomes too proud.

=(Having been)Praised too much, he becomes too proud.

他因爲受到過分的誇獎,而變得驕傲。

【注】前後主語不相同的情況(帶有邏輯主語的分詞短語,稱爲獨立主格結構):

After the sun hadset, we arrived at the station.

=The sun havingset, we arrived at the station. 我們於日落後到達車站。

When school wasover, the boys went home.

=School beingover, the boys went home. 放學了,男孩子們回家了。

As my homework hasbeen done, I have nothing else to do.

=My homework(having been) done, I have nothing else to do. 因爲我的作業寫完了,所以我沒有別的事做。

注1:若狀語從句的主語爲人稱代詞時,雖然和主句的主語不同,分詞短語的主語也可以省略,此分詞短語也稱爲獨立分詞短語。

If we speakstrictly, you are not justified.

=(We)Strictlyspeaking, you are not justified. 嚴格地說起來,你沒有理由。

If we take allthings into consideration, he is an honorable man.

=(We) Taking allthings into consideration, he is an honorable man. 從各方面來說,他是個可敬的人。

注2:狀語從句改爲分詞短語時,若主句的動詞爲現在式,狀語從句的動詞爲過去式,而爲了要表示狀語從句的動作時間早於主句的動詞,應改爲完成式分詞,表示比主句動詞的動作先發生。

As he was idle inhis youth, he has to work hard in his old age.

=(Having been)idle in his youth, he has to work hard in his old age. 他因爲年輕時不務正業,現在年老了必須苦幹。

拓展:接現在分詞作賓補的20個常用動詞

bring sb. doing sth.引起某人做某事

catch sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事

discover sb. doing sth. 發現某人做某事

feel sb. doing sth. 感覺某人做某事

find sb. doing sth. 碰上(撞上)某人做某事

get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事

have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事

hear sb. doing sth. 聽見某人做某事

keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事

listen to sb. doing sth. 聽某人做某事

look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事

notice sb. doing sth. 注意到某人做某事

observe sb. doing sth. 觀察某人做某事

prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

see sb. doing sth. 看見某人做某事

send sb. doing sth.使某人(突然)做某事

set sb. doing sth. 使(引起)某人做某事

start sb. doing sth. 使某人開始做某事

stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事

watch sb. doing sth. 觀察某人做某事