2016專業四級考試詞彙詳解

下面是小編整理的2016年專業英語四級考試詞彙詳解,提供給大家,希望可以幫助到你們。

2016專業四級考試詞彙詳解

 be+不定式結構

表示按計劃、安排即將發生的動作。例如:

There's to be an investigation.

I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.

這一結構常見於報紙和廣播,用以宣佈官方的計劃或決定。例如:

The Queen is to visit Japan next year.

二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。例如:

You are to stand here. Do you understand?

Tell her she's not to be back late.

一般現在時也可表達將來時間,常見於條件狀語和時間狀語從句。例如:

If she comes, I'll tell her all about it.

Wait here till the meeting is over.

It won't be long before the rain stops.

 近義詞辨析

begin, commence, initiate, launch, start

這組詞均含有“開始”的意思。

begin

在這組詞中最常用,泛指開始做某事。但口語中近年來start用得較多。

The band began to play joyful music.樂隊開始演奏歡快的音樂

commence

比begin用法正式。在宗教或其它儀式及軍事用語中人們傾向用commence.

The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.軍官命令士兵開始進攻。

initiate

指進程中的第一步,與何時停止或結束沒有關係。

The government has initiated a new reform program.政府啓動了新的改革方案

launch

指開始或着手一項活動、計劃等大規模或聲勢浩大的行動,行動前或行動中有一定的宣傳鼓動。

The company will launch an advertising compaign to introduce its new product.那個公司要發起廣告攻勢推出自己的新產品。

Start

與stop構成反義用法,指從一特定地點出發,由靜止或等待狀態開始做某事。在口語中常可代替begin.

They started operations at once.他們馬上開始行動。

關於used to的意義和用法

used to (只有過去時形式,沒有現在時形式)表示過去習慣動作或狀態,這種情況現已不復存在。例如:

He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.

在否定陳述句或否定疑問句中,用didn't use to或usedn't to均可:

He didn't use to smoke cigarettes.

He usedn't to smoke cigarettes.

Didn't Maria use to be interested in the theatre?

Usedn't Maria to be interested in the theatre?

在肯定疑問句中也可有兩種形式:

Used you to go to the same school as Edward?

Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?

 近義詞辨析

use, apply, avail, employ, utilize

這組詞均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。

use

強調利用人或物作爲工具。

He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他爲實驗新的塗料,花光了一切錢財。

apply

指把某物或某種方法、原理等加以應用。

We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我們不僅要知道理論,還要知道怎樣把理論應用於實踐。

avail

指使用就近的`或他人給予的東西,或使別人爲自己提供服務。

I don't think complaints will avail you much.我覺得抱怨對你沒多大用處。

We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我們利用一切機會講英語。

employ

指使用未被利用的東西;用於人時表示僱用。

He doesn't know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道該怎麼利用他的精力和時間。

utilize

指充分發揮某物的作用,使無用的東西變有用,或使人或物有新用途。

She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中發揮她的藝術才能。

  關於dare的意義和用法

作爲情態動詞表示“膽敢”,dare通常只用於否定陳述句和疑問句。例如:

I dare not go there.

How dare he say such rude things about me?

dare作爲情態助動詞沒有過去式形式,其否定式爲daren't,既可指現在時間,也可指過去時間。例如:

Tom wanted to come, but he daren't.

dare還可用主動詞,隨後的不定式可帶to,也可不帶to.例如:

He does not dare (to) answer.

Does she dare (to) go there alone?

  近義詞辨析

besides, but, except, except for

這組詞均含有“除…外”的意思。

besides

“除…外,還有…”,指更進一步的擁有,包括所“除”事物在內。

Have you got any clothes besides these?除了這些衣服你還有別的嗎?

but

不包括所引事物在內,多與nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等連用。

He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他沒法指責別人,只能怪他自己。

except

不包括所引事物。常與no, none, nothing等否定詞或all,everyone, everything等連用,但不可用於句首。

They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他們都去了頤和園。

except for

常指除去所引情況讓人稍感遺憾之外,整體情況尚屬理想,被除去的事物與正在談及的事物之間不具有共同屬性或性質。

The roads were clear except for a few cars.除幾輛小汽車外,路面很空曠。