國中英語語法五大基本句型介紹

導語:英語句子是由主語(subject), 謂語動詞(verb),賓語(object), 表語(predicative),狀語(adverbial),賓語補足語(object complement)等成分組成,按照這些成分的組合方式英語句子可分爲五種基本句型。以下是小編爲大家精心整理的國中英語語法五大基本句型介紹,歡迎大家參考!

國中英語語法五大基本句型介紹

句型一:主語+不及物動詞

不及物動詞本身就可以表達完整的意念, 不需要賓語及補語, 但有時可有副詞, 介詞短語等狀語修飾語。

e.g. The rain stopped .

The old man walks in the park .

句型一的擴展:

1.主語+不及物動詞+狀語

e.g. The machine works smoothly. (機器運轉正常。)

e +不及物動詞+主語

e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .

There comes the bus .

3. 主語+不及物動詞+ 動詞不定式

e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他們停下來稍作休息)

特別提醒

動詞stop 可用作不及物動詞,也可用作及物動詞。作不及物動詞時, 通常後接動詞不定式,表示停下來的目的'是做另一件事。作及物動詞時,通常後接動名詞,表示停止做這件事。

e.g. They stopped taking a rest .

句型二 :主語+系動詞+表語

系動詞本身不能表達完整的意念沒,需要形容詞,名詞,介詞短語等來補充說明主語,也叫主語補語。

e.g. My sister is a nurse .

I feel quite hungry .

The ball is under the desk .

句型三:主語+及物動詞+賓語

及物動詞本身需要一個動作的接受者(賓語),纔可以表達一個完整的意念。

e.g. We are learning English .

Do you know him ?

Your radio needs repairing .

She hopes to see her uncle.

句型四:主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語

有些及物動詞需要兩個賓語才能表達一個完整意念。

e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.

Give me the book, please.

特別提醒

A. 在此句型中, 通常是間接賓語(人)在前,直接賓語(物)在後,有時直接賓語和間接賓語可以對調,這時間接賓語前應加上適當的介詞。

e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .

Give the book to me , please .

直接賓語與間接賓語對調時,間接賓語前加介詞to的動詞有:

give(給), tell(告訴) , lend(借給) , sell(賣), teach(教) , send(寄給), write(寫給), show(出示) , return(還給), bring(帶給), pass(遞給), leave(留給), offer(提供), hand(交給)

間接賓語前加介詞for的動詞有:

buy(買), choose(選擇), get (弄到), make(做), order(訂購), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)

B. 如果直接賓語爲人稱代詞那麼必須把直接賓放在間接賓語前,且間接賓語前要加上適當的介詞。

e.g. I handed it to our teacher .

不能說:I handed our teacher it .

C. 此句型變爲被動語態時,可分爲兩種情況。

e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .

a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .

b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.

句型五:主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語

及物動詞本身需要一個賓語外, 還需要一個名詞,形容詞,副詞, 動詞不定式,分詞來補充說明賓語,才能表達一個完整的意念。

e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.

The news made us sad.

She saw the thief steal into the shop .

The teacher asked me to answer the question .

I found the man stealing the money .

I found my money stolen .

特別提醒

A. 現在分詞爲賓語補足語時,賓語與現在分詞之間是主動關係;過去分詞爲賓語補足語時,賓語與過去分詞之間是被動關係。

B. 在let(讓),make(使得),have(請,讓,使得),see(看),hear(聽到),watch(觀看),feel(感覺到),listen to (傾聽),look at (看到),notice(注意到)等動詞後的賓語補足語如果爲不定式, 則省掉"to",但變爲被動語態時, 則要帶"to".

e.g. We hear her sing next door.

She is heard to sing next door .

C. 此句型變爲被動語態時,只有一種情況。

e.g. They saw him steal the old man's money.

He was seen to steal the old man's money