英語語法中用作介詞或連詞的分詞歸納

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英語語法中用作介詞或連詞的分詞歸納

就……而論、照……來看;考慮到,既可用作介詞,又可用作連詞。例:I hear he is more than 70, but he is still very strong, considering his age.

聽說他已經 70 多歲了,但從他的年紀來看,他仍然很結實。

Considering ( that ) he did not study hard, he did well on the test.

考慮到他沒有用功,他考得還不錯。

另: considering 還可用作副詞,通常置於句尾,意爲從各方面看。例:

She seems ( to be ) very bright, considering.

從各方面看,她似乎很聰明。

2. providing / provided

倘若……;在……的條件下,用作連詞,引導條件狀語從句,但從句不用虛擬語氣。例:

We'll visit Europe next year, provided / providing ( that ) we have the money.

如果我們有這筆錢,我們明年將去歐洲遊覽。

I shall go provided / providing ( that ) it does not rain.

倘若天不下雨,我就去。

3. supposing / suppose

假如、假定用作連詞,引導條件狀語從句,從句可用陳述語氣,也可用虛擬語氣。例:

Supposing / Suppose ( that ) the weather were bad, where would you go?

假如天氣不好,你去什麼地方?

Supposing / Suppose ( that ) she doesn't come, what should we do?

假如她不來我們該怎麼辦?

supposing 可用在一個簡單句中,相當於 What would / will happen if … / What does it matter if …例:

Supposing I don't see her. ( = What will happen if I don't see her? )

假如我見不到她,那該怎麼辦?

suppose 意爲假定;萬一;倘若;不妨;何不。例:

( Let us ) Suppose ( that ) his statement is right.

假定他的陳述是正確的。

4. according to /by

根據…… / 按照……,用作連詞。例:

According to my watch, it's 4 o'clock.

按照我表上的時間,現在是 4 點鐘。

You may go or stay, according as you decide.

去還是留,由你來決定。

You may / will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad.

根據工作好壞你將會受到獎懲。

according to 與 according by 的區別在於:

( 1 ) according by 不可與表示人的名詞或代詞連用; according to 可與表示人的名詞或代詞連用。

( 2 ) according to 只能表示來自他處的信息,而不能表示來自說話者本身的`信息。

例:

According to (不能用 by ) my clock, it is 12 o'clock.

根據我表上的時間,現在是 12 點。

According to (不能用 by ) her (不能用 me ), the war broke out in 1923.

根據她所說的,那場戰爭在 1923 年爆發。

5. compared with / to

將……與……比較,用作介詞。例:

Compared with / to her mother, she is tall.

和她母親比起來,她算很高了。

6. including

包含,用作介詞。例:

I have to prepare food for seven people, including me.

我必須準備包括自己在內 7 個人的食物。

7. owing to

由於……因爲……,用作介詞。 seeing ( that )由於……;既然……;因爲……,用作連詞。例:

Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.

由於天氣不好,我不能把它進行下去。

Seeting ( that ) he is ill, he's unlikely to come.

由於生病的緣故,他可能不來了。

8. judging from / by ( =to judge by )

由……來判斷,用作介詞。例:

Judging from / by what he said, he must be an honest man.

由他所說的來判斷,他一定是個誠實的人。

Judging from / by his accent, he must be from Guangdong province.

從他的口音來判斷,他一定來自廣東。

9. regarding ( =as regards, in regard to, with regard to ) / respecting ( =as respects, in respect to, with respect to ) / concerning ( =as concerns ) / relating to

均用作介詞,意爲關於,就……而言,相當於 about, 但比 about 正式。例:

Regarding this point, he is correct.

關於這一點,他是對的。

Respecting your salary, we shall come to a decision later.

關於你的工資,我們將在以後做出決定。

Concerning your letter, I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable.

關於來信,我很高興地通知你,我們覺得你的計劃是可接受的。

10. given

如果有……,假定……,考慮到……,既可用作介詞,也可用作連詞。例:

Given that they are inexperienced, they have done a good job.

考慮到他們經驗不足,他們的工作做得還不錯。

Given his support, I think we'll win the election.

若能獲得他的支持,我想我們會贏得這次選舉。

11. granted / granting

用作連詞,意爲就算……,假定……,縱使……,姑且承認

例 Granted / Granting you are right, I won't do it.

就算你說的是正確的,我也不打算做那事。

12. assuming / say

(用於句首,與 Let's 連用)意爲假定……假使例:

Assuming / Say ( Let's say ) that war breaks out, what do you do?