導語：平行結構是指在論證某個觀點或論題時，將其分解成具有一定聯繫的幾個方面來加以論述，而這幾個方面都是從屬於中心論題或觀點的，它們之間地位平等，呈平行關係。而獨立主格結構在句中作狀語，多用於書面語。 下面YJBYS小編向大家介紹平行結構與獨立主格結構，歡迎參考!
1、連詞連接的平行結構
1)並列連詞 well else,both er or,neither
only but also,whether or,rather than等以及從屬連詞than均可連接平行結構。
e.g Shs is a beautiful and elegant woman.她是一位美麗而優雅的女子。
2)連接的非謂語動詞形式一致
e.g Some find swimming more enjoyable than sitting at home reading.
有人覺得遊戲遠比坐在家裏讀書有趣。
3)連接的謂語形式一致
e.g This is the lady who listens to the poor and ministers to their wants.
這就是那位能傾聽窮人意見並照顧他們需要的女士
4)連接的句子結構一致
e.g He asked me whether I had received the check and whether I had cashed it.
他問我是否收到了支票並把它兌換成現金了。
2、特定的平行結構
1)prefer後面接的'平行結構 prefer to do sth
prefer sth
prefer doing(sth) doing(sth) prefer to do(sth)rather
than do(sth)
2)在would /had rather/sooner以及would/had as soon as 結構中要用平行結構
would/had as soon do (sth ) as do (sth)
e.g I would as soon stay at home as go shopping. 我寧願呆在家裏也不願去逛街購物
獨立主格結構獨立主格結構由名詞或代詞加上其他成分(分詞、不定式、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語)構成。
獨立主格結構沒有主語和謂語，所以在語法上不是句子。但多有名詞或代詞表示的邏輯主語，分詞或不定式表示的邏輯謂語，有時還有其他修飾成分。(判斷一個結構是否是句子的標準就是看看這個結構是否有謂語動詞。)這種結構通常在句子中起方式、時間、原因、條件等狀語或狀語從句的作用，主要用於書面語。使用動詞非謂語形式的獨立主格結構可以改爲句子形式(從句):獨立主格結構加上連詞，非謂語動詞改爲謂語動詞形式，這樣就成爲從句了。 例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn' t open.今天星期天，圖書館不開放。 (原因)改爲從句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn' t open. 例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 沒有汽車了，我們只好坐出租車了。 Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信號發出後，公共汽車就啓動了。 (時間)改爲從句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這裏，並爬了進來，手裏拿着劍。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand. The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期會考試結束了，兩個月之後進行期末考試.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天氣允許的話，我們就去參觀長城。
If weather permits, we' 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那個人到這裏，並爬了進來，手裏拿着劍。(伴隨狀語)
上文例句中sword in hand是由“名詞+介詞短語”構成，表示伴隨的情況。這種表示伴隨情的獨立主格結構，有時可以用with
引出，二者的意思是一樣的，with結構更加口語話，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼裏含着淚水，離開了辦公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老師胳膊底下挾着一把尺子，手裏拿着幾本書，走進了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian' anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.華燈齊放，******廣場顯得美麗動人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由這孩子領路，我們毫不費勁地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他給我們帶頭，我們對一定能搞好。
1、指出下列句子中的獨立主格結構:
1) My work having been finished, I went home. ---My work h
having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes. ---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn' t know what time it was. ---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold. --- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow.
--- His face hidden by an upturned…….
