2016年英語六級語法講解:動詞不定式

動詞不定式是非謂語動詞的重要組成部分,在六級考試中非謂語動詞部分是一個重點。以下重點爲大家講解動詞不定式,希望對大家有所幫助!

2016年英語六級語法講解:動詞不定式

常跟不定式的動詞:agree,fail,promise,afford,ask,happen,resolve,attempt,hesitate,seek,long,threaten,claim,manage,trouble,consent,neglect,try,decide,offer,undertake,demand,plan,volunteer,determine,prepare,want,pretend,wish,endeavor,proceed,struggle 等,在瞭解了加 to 的單詞之後,我們來看一看在什麼情況下單詞 to 可以被省略。

1、在一般助動詞或者情態動詞之後 to 可以被省略。

2、在動詞 make,let,watch,see……之後作賓語的時候,to 可以被省略。

3、在 why 和 why not 之後 to 可以被省略,如:Why spend such a lot of time?(爲什麼花這麼多時問?)和 Why not go right now?(爲什麼不現在去呢?)

4、在 had better,had best,would rather,had sooner,cannot but,do nothing but 等結構後面 to 可以被省略。

下面看一道有關不定式的例題:

We sometimes imagine desert island_______a sort of paradise,where the sun always shines。

have be  ng g

整個句子的意思是,我們有時候把荒島想象成天堂,那裏終日陽光普照。imagine 後面常跟 to be +形容詞(或者名詞或反身代詞)結構,根據這個知識點,正確答案爲 B。

可以跟這種結構的動詞還有think,consider,believe,find,feel,know,declare,guess,prove,suppose 等。這個結構中的 to be 常可以省略,如:They found him guilty.(他們發現他有罪。)

  【定義】

(語態)動詞和參與此動作的主語之間關係的一個術語。當主語是動作的發起者(或之一)時,稱爲主動語態;

如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的'動作的承受者,不定式一般要用被動語態形式。如:

It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語是被動語態to be invited是被邀請)

It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語)

I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語)

Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語)

He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語)

在There be結構中,修飾主語的不定式可用被動,也可用主動。如:There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同,如:There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

  【語法形式】

1) 現在式:一般現在時表示的動詞,有時與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生,有時發生在謂語動詞的動作之後。一般爲:動詞+ to do sth

He seems to know this.

I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再見到你。

2) 完成式:表示的動作發生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前。

I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

He seems to have caught a cold.

3)進行式:表示動作正在進行,與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發生。

He seems to be eating something.

4)完成進行式:

She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

一般在表示情緒的動詞後加to do也表將來

  【疑問詞】

疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how後可接不定式構成不定式短語,在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。如:

①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主語)

②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做賓語)

③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做直接賓語)

④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表語)

以上例句中疑問詞+不定式部分,均可轉換爲相應的從句形式。如:①When we shall leave…③…how I

could learn……

經常在這種結構中使用的動詞有:consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。