國中英語動詞不定式專項語法講解精選 - 基礎英語百科知識

動詞不定式是由不定式符號to+動詞原形構成的一種非謂語動詞結構。有些動詞不定式不帶to，動詞不定式可以作句子的主語、表語、賓語、定語、補語、狀語或單獨使用。不定式保留動詞的某些特性，可以有自己的賓語、狀語等。動詞不定式和它後面的賓語、狀語等一起構成短語，叫作不定式短語。現對九年級動詞不定式的用法作一次簡要梳理。

一、用作主語

直接把動詞不定式置於句首的情況不多，多數情況用it作形式主語，把真正的主語——動詞不定式置於句末，特別是不定式短語較長時。動詞不定式作主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。帶疑問詞的不定式短語作主語常置於句首，複合不定式結構作主語常置於句末。如：

young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge... (p.8)

head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. (p.16)

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to make requests politely is important.(p.93)

二、用作表語

動詞不定式作表語，常說明主語的內容、性質、特徵。如：

best way to improve your English is to join an English club. (p.7)

first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96)

三、用作賓語

1.可以接帶to的動詞不定式作賓語的動詞主要有：要求選擇同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望決定學習(expect, hope, decide, learn)，寧可假裝知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要願意(wish, want, would like / love)。如：

1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)

2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.(p.50)

3)Id love to visit Mexico.(p.53)

2.動詞decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...，介詞結構on...可用疑問詞帶to的不定式短語作賓語，但why後面的不定式不帶to。如：

1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92)

2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32)

3.動詞feel, find, make, think等後面，可以用it作形式賓語代替真正的賓語——動詞不定式，句子結構是 / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如：

I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98)

4.既可接動詞不定式又可接ving形式作賓語，意思差別不太大的動詞有begin, start, like, love等。一般說來，動詞不定式表一次、數次的具體動作、將來動作或動作的全過程，ving形式表習慣性的連續動作。但是這種區別並不很嚴格，特別是美國英語，即使是習慣性的動作也可以用動詞不定式。如：

1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.(p.6)

2)I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116)

begin用了進行時態，後面只接不定式作賓語，表示事情剛開始，還要繼續下去。

3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118)

感知動詞like, love, know等一般不用進行時態。

5.後接動詞不定式或ving形式作賓語，意思差別較大的動詞有forget, remember等。後接不定式作賓語，表動作尚未發生；後接ving形式作賓語，表動作已經發生。stop to do停下來做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語；stop doing停止做、不做當前這件事，doing是賓語。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing繼續做原來的事。如：

1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107)

2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121)

四、用作定語

1.句子的主語或賓語是動詞不定式的邏輯主語，不定式與其所修飾的名詞、代詞等存在邏輯的動賓關係時，用動詞不定式的主動式。如：

1)I have so many chores to do today.(p.112)

2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. (p.31)

3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.(p.75)

2.動詞不定式所修飾的名詞是place, time, way等時，不定式與這些名詞呈現出動狀關係或同位關係。如：1)He needs time to do homework.(p.19)

2)Is that a good place to hang out？(p.88)

3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.(p.127)

3.在there be...句型裏，句子的主語是動詞不定式動作的對象，常用主動式。如：

1)There’s just so much to see and do here.(p.49)

2)... but there are still many things to do there.(p.54)

五、用作補語

動詞不定式作補語時，在主動語態句裏補賓語，在被動語態句裏補主語，句子的賓語或主語是不定式動作的邏輯執行者。如果不定式是to be done，句子的`賓語或主語就是邏輯承受者。

1.在主、被動語態句裏用帶to的動詞不定式作補語的動詞主要有：要求允許提議(ask, allow, permit, advise)，期望邀請鼓勵(expect, suppose, invite, encourage)，教導告訴想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望願意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：

1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.(p.29)

2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. (p.18)

3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.(p.101)

2.動詞不定式作補語，在主動語態句裏不帶to，被動語態句裏帶to時多數動詞是感官動詞和使役動詞，包括四看：look at, observe, see, watch，三讓：have, let, make，二聽：hear, listen to，一感覺：feel，一注意：notice。如：

1)This picture makes me feel tense！(p.106)

2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.(p.24)

後接動詞不定式作補語，to可帶可不帶。一般說來，帶to表間接幫助，不帶to表直接幫助。在被動語態句裏，或者用不定式的否定式作補語時要帶to。如：

1)... they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.(p.106)

2)Using email English helps you write quickly. (p.100)

said, be sure, happen, seem等後面可以接帶to的動詞不定式作主語的補語。如：

1)He doesn’t seem to have many friends.(p.19)

2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.(p.114)

六、用作狀語

1.目的狀語，置於句首或句末，置於句首時常表示強調。如：

1)In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.(p.93)

2)A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. (p.50)

to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的狀語，置句末時都可以用，置句首時只用to do / in order to do。so as to do一般不置於句首，可以引導結果狀語從句，in order to do不引導結果狀語從句。

2.原因狀語，多見於sb.+be+adj.+to do...結構句中。如：

1)My dogs name is Lucky—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.(p.66)

2)On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. (p.64)

3.結果狀語，多見於，enough to...結構句中。如：

1)Then I’m too tired to do well. What should I do?(

2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.(p.56)

4.有些動詞不定式作狀語，常說明前面形容詞的性質和特性。動詞不定式與句子的主語有邏輯的動賓關係。動詞不定式前面的形容詞一般是：cheap, dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主動式表被動意義。

... the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.(p.116)

這類句子中的動詞不定式可改爲主語。

5.獨立動詞不定式多用作插入語，表示說話人的心理狀態或對事情的看法。如：

1)Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.(p.50)

2)To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word. (p.6)

七、動詞不定式的複合結構

動詞不定式的複合結構是for / of sb. to do sth.，for / of引出不定式動作的邏輯主語。這種結構在句子中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語等。不定式複合結構的介詞用for還是of，主要決定於前面形容詞的性質。一般說來，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說明人的特性，又說明不定式動作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說明不定式動作的特性，不說明人的特性。前面如果是名詞用for。如：

also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. (p.22)

are terrible places for animals to live.(p.120)

八、帶疑問詞的不定式短語

動詞不定式前面可以帶疑問代詞what, which, who或疑問副詞how, when, where, why等。這種結構起名詞的作用，在句子裏用作賓語、主語、表語等，或者單獨使用。要注意的是，why後面的不定式不帶to。如：

1.用作句子的成分。

1)I don’t know what to try next. (p.49)(作賓語)

2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主語)

2.單獨使用時相當於一個特殊疑問句。

1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)

2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)

九、動詞不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not / never to do...，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如：

times they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.(p.8)

parents tell him never to drive after drinking.

十）省略to的不定式不定式作賓語補足語時省to的動詞

① 一感，二聽，三讓，四看，半幫助

一感：feel；二聽：hear，listen to；三讓：make，let，have；四看：see，notice，watch，ob-serve；半幫助：help。

②省略to的不定式在改爲被動語態時要將to還原。

I make him study english every day .

He is made to study english every day by me .

國中英語動詞不定式專項語法講解

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